Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft

Sharp Chemical Ind. Co., Ltd.

Mikio Murakami

Hans-Rolf Dubal

Claus Escher

Gerhard Illian

Dieter Ohlendorf

Wolfgang Hemmerling

Rainer Wingen

Takamasa Harada

Ingrid Muller

Arnold Schneller

Otto Herrmann-Schonherr

Yoshio Inoguchi

Tsuyoshi Uemura

Shozo Fujiwara

Mitsuru Akashi

Dietmar Jungbauer

Michael Feldhues

Kazuya Nagao

Thomas Mecklenburg

Hiroyuki Ohnishi

Haruhiko Itoh

Hans-Otto Drotloff

Hirofumi Fujiwara

Michael Brekner

Karl Pampus

Taneo Miyata

Armin De Meijere

Yasushi Hasui

Heinz-Joachim Rieger

A container, which houses a liquid such as a sealant in a flexible pouchin a sealed state, is provided with a spoutthat is constituted by an extrusion nozzleand a spout base memberand formed on one end thereof so that the extrusion nozzleis fixed by sandwiching the vicinity of a holeformed on one end face of an extruderby a flange portionof the spout base memberand a flange portionof the extrusion nozzle, and an extruderis arranged so that an adjusting member, which controls the tilt of the nozzle, is allowed to protrude outward from a holeof the extruder

Container and pusiier

Electrical addressing of ferroelectric liquid-crystal displays

Ferroelectric liquid-crystal systems having high spontaneous polarization, in particular &gt;35 nC cm.sup.-2, and good orientation properties in the ferroelectric phase, in particular the S.sub.C * phase, contain at least three different optically active compounds, preferably as dopes in a base mixture which is not itself optically active and has a nematic phase above the smectic phase. The optically active compounds are selected so that they do not all induce a helix of the same rotation sense in the nematic phase. Their relative concentrations are selected so that the total resultant pitch of the helix throughout the cholesteric phase is not less than 10 .mu.m.

Ferroelectric liquid-crystal systems having three or more chiral

The liquid crystal display device of the present invention comprises at least one aramide-silicone-multiblock copolymer having the repeating unit represented by the following formula as an alignment layer material: ##STR1## A desired pretilt angle can be obtained by altering the content of polysiloxane in the aramide-silicone-multiblock copolymer and the pretilt angle is nearly uniform irrespective of an annealing temperature and a rubbing strength.

Liquid crystal display device

Disclosed and claimed are liquid-crystalline cyclopropylalkyl or -alkenyl or heterocyclic compounds, process for their preparation, and their use in liquid-crystalline mixtures. The novel cyclopropylalkyl or -alkenyl or heterocyclic compounds are of the general formula ##STR1## In this formula A.sup.1, A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 are unsubstituted or substituted, aromatic or heteroaromatic molecular components such as 1,4-phenylene or pyrimidine-2,5-diyl which are linked via a single bond (in the case where k and m=0) or via functional groups M.sup.1 and M.sup.2, such as CO--O or CH.sub.2 --O; j, k, l, m and n are zero, 1 or 2. The radicals R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are H or alkyl/alkenyl, R.sup.1 is alkyl/alkenyl or one of the substitutents known from LC chemistry such as an .alpha.-haloalkanoic acid radical. At least one of the components A.sup.1, A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 can be heteroaromatic, and G is alkylene or alkenylene.

Cyclopropylaklyl or -alkenyl or heterocyclic compounds, process for

Polyester based liquid-crystal display device

The use of optically active tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid esters as dopants in liquid-crystal mixtures, liquid-crystal mixtures containing same and novel optically active tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid esters. Optically active tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid esters containing a mesogenic molecular building unit are suitable as dopants in liquid-crystal mixtures. They result in liquid-crystalline ferroelectric phases having short switching times and in electroclinic phases having large electroclinic coefficients. A further advantage is that they induce a helix having a very small pitch so that they are also suitable for helix compensation in LC mixtures. The compounds are symbolized by the general formula: ##STR1## in which the symbols and indices essentially denote: R.sup.1 =alkyl/alkenyl or tetrahydrofurancarbonyloxy or -thio; j, l, n=zero, 1 or 2; k, m=zero or 1; --A.sup.1, --A.sup.2, --A.sup.3 =phenylene, cycloalkylene or corresponding heterocyclates containing nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur; --M.sup.1, --M.sup.2 =bridges such as --CO--O, --OCH.sub.2 or --CH.dbd.CH; X=oxygen or sulfur.

Use of optically active tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid esters as

Ferroelectric liquid-crystalline mixtures

Use of optically active carboxylic esters of oxygen-containing heterocycles as doping substances in liquid crystal mixtures and liquid crystal mixtures containing them. Optically active 1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylic esters and oxirane-2-carboxylic esters of the general formula (I)

Optically active carboxylic esters of oxygen-containing heterocycles as

Ferroelectric liquid crystal with positive dielectric anisotropy,

The novel silylalkyl or silylalkenyl compounds correspond to the general formula (I) ##STR1## Here the symbols A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3 denote aromatic or heteroaromatic molecular units such as 1,4-phenylene or pyrimidine-2,5-diyl which are combined via a single bond (for k, m=0) or via functional groups M.sup.1,M.sup.2 such as CO--O or CH.sub.2 --O; j, k, l, m, n are zero or 1 (j+l+n=2 or 3). The radicals R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 are hydrogen or alkyl/alkenyl, cycloalkyl, and the radicals R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8 have a comparable meaning (hydrogen); R.sup.1 is alkyl/alkenyl or one of the substituents known from LC chemistry such as an .alpha.-haloalkanoic radical. In some cases compounds have wide and polymorphous liquid crystalline phases.

Organosilylalkyl or organosilylalkenyl compounds, process for preparing

Use of fluorinated aromatic polyamides as orientation layer for

Optically active 1,3-dioxolane derivatives of the general formula (I) ##STR1## are suitable as doping substances in liquid crystal mixtures. The symbols in the general formula have the following meaning:

Optically active esters of 5-ethyl- and

Liquid-crystalline mixtures, in particular ferroelectric

Ferroelectric liquid crystal display having gray steps or a continuous

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Kakegawa, Japan

Mikio Murakami