The State University of New York

Mikhail Gouzman

Vera Gorfinkel

Serge Luryi

Luryi Serge

Dmitri N Gavrilov

Satya Sharma

Bradley S Carlson

William Cheng

Peter Shkolnikov

Vladislav Kuzminskiy

Anatoliv Borodin

Vladimir Smagin

A system of sensors associated with a branched conductor of an AC power line using the conductor as the communication medium between different sensors. The communication is carried out at frequencies higher than the powerline frequency. At least one sensor is provided in every branch in the vicinity of every branching point of the conductor. Synchronous measurements are carried out of the root mean square current passing through every branch of the conductor and the direction of energy flow in the branch. Results of the measurements are regularly reported throughout the system. An arrangement is provided for analyzing the results of the measurements to determine the graph topology of the branched conductor and ascertain the distribution of the root mean square current passing through every branch of the graph.

Sensors for power distribution network and electrical grid monitoring system associated therewith

A network of sensors is associated with a power distribution network. Sensors are positioned at each connecting line in the vicinity of each node of the power distribution network. The sensors regularly report the following measured data to the central processing unit: a geographical position of each sensor, direction of the energy flow relative to the nearest node; and value of RMS current synchronously measured over the entire network and averaged over chosen averaging period. The central processing unit includes an arrangement for receiving the measured data and using this data for constructing and updating a graph and a state of the power distribution network.

A optical control sensor system includes a driver controlling an operation of a light source coupled to an end of an optical fiber, an orthogonal signal generator, generating a set of different orthogonal signals controlling the driver, a terminal sensor coupled to another end of the optical fiber selecting a predetermined set of input orthogonal signals for converting them into component combinations, constituting output signals, and directing the output signals back to the optical fiber, a device coupled to the light sources and to the first end of the optical fiber for extracting output signals that have passed through a return path in the optical fiber, a detector converting optical output signals into electrical signals, and a selector and a decoder connected to the orthogonal signal generator indicating a current state of the optical control sensor system based on an analysis of the selected combinations of components in the output signals.

Optical control sensor system with driver that switches frequencies of a set of different orthogonal signals and modulates the intensity of light

In analyzing radiation from a communication link, single-photon counting can be used to advantage especially at low levels of radiation energy, e.g. in the detection of optical radiation. Preferred detection techniques include methods in which (i) received optical radiation is intensity-modulated in accordance with a preselected code, (ii) wherein it is the optical radiation which is intensity-modulated with the preselected code, and (iii) wherein the radiation modulated with a preselected code is received. For registration of the signals received by a sensing element of a single-photon detector, time of arrival is recorded, optionally in conjunction with registration of time intervals. Advantageously, in the interest of minimizing the number of pulses missed due to close temporal spacing of pulses, D-triggers can be included in counting circuitry.

Method and apparatus for detecting radiation

In analyzing radiation from a sample, single-quanta counting can be used to advantage especially at low levels of radiation energy, e.g. in the detection of fluorescent radiation. Preferred detection techniques include methods in which (i) fluorescence-stimulating radiation is intensity-modulated in accordance with a preselected code, (ii) wherein it is the fluorescent radiation which is intensity-modulated with the preselected code, and (iii) wherein modulation with a preselected code is applied to a sample to influence a property which functionally affects emitted fluorescent radiation. For registration of the signals from a sensing element of a single-photon detector, time of arrival is recorded, optionally in conjunction with registration of time intervals. Advantageously, in the interest of minimizing the number of pulses missed due to close temporal spacing of pulses, D-triggers can be included in counting circuitry.

The development of the network structure and the basic modules of an automated 4-color DNA sequencing apparatus comprising more than one thousand capillary electrophoresis lanes is disclosed. The basic modules represent small 32-lane units based on multicolor excitation of fluorescent labels and single-photon detection. The individual units operate asynchronously, controlled by a network computer. Excitation of fluorescence is done with low-power illumination via a fiber-optic network.

Method and apparatus for DNA sequencing

A novel method of spatial compression of a DNA sample inside the capillary for the gel capillary electrophoresis and an article for operating the method are disclosed. In this method, after the electrokinetic injection, the sample is compressed using the reverse electric field. A special DNA barrier material is used to contain the sample in the capillary. We expect that this Electro Static Compression (ESC) can increase the DNA concentration in the capillary by orders of magnitude. In the proposed method and article the injection and compression of the DNA sample are followed by subsequent electrophoretic separation in any kind of sequencing container (for instance glass capillary). The use of the ESC method will allow the increase of the length and the quality of the read, as well as reduction of the DNA consumption. ESC method will also permit the use of low power illumination sources including miniature and inexpensive light emitting diodes (LED) instead of the Ar-ion laser for exciting fluorescent labels in 4-color DNA sequencing.

Method and apparatus for compression of DNA samples for DNA sequencing

A multichannel electrophoretic cassette structure is disclosed comprising distinct regions for loading and detection with different spacing between channels. A method and an apparatus are further disclosed enabling multicolor fluorescent detection from a non-coplanar bundle of multiple channels. A method for fabricating monolithic multichannel cassettes for electrophoresis and fluorescent detection is also described.

Multicapillary bundle for electrophoresis and detection for DNA

For multicolor fluorescence detection or spectroscopy with low signal-to-noise ratio and rapid readout, signals from multiple sensors are combined in analog form so that only one signal per fluorescent response needs to be read from a sensor array. The contributions of sensors in the array to a given output signal are programmable, for exclusive selection of the desired information. As the contributions of sensors to output signals are electronically programmed, the energy of the light source can be filtered electronically. Such devices can be programmed in real time for adaptive measurements.

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Lake Grove, NY, United States of America

Mikhail Gouzman