Google Inc.

Oracle International Corporation

Mikhail A Dmitriev

Manish P Gupta

Rajas Moonka

Nicholas Lee

Nathan Luther Reynolds

Oleksandr Otenko

De-duplication of immutable data items at runtime may include identifying a set of potentially duplicate immutable data items in use by one or more applications. The applications may access the immutable data items through pointers of respective objects corresponding to the immutable data items. A de-duplication component executing distinctly from the applications may analyze the identified set of potentially duplicate immutable data items to determine two or more that have identical content and may then modify one or more pointers of the corresponding objects so that at least two of the pointers point to a single immutable data item.

De-duplicating immutable data at runtime

A computer-controlled method can include determining at least one rarely-used field within a class, creating a shadow structure corresponding to the class, and moving the at least one rarely-used field from the class to the shadow structure. The method can also include adding a shadow reference to the class, the shadow reference corresponding to the shadow structure.

Disposal of rarely used member variables via shadow structures

A computer-implemented method of providing targeted video promotional material includes providing a first video advertisement for presentation by a video display system, receiving an indication that a user chose to skip at least part of the presentation of the first video advertisement, identifying for the user a characteristic associated with the first video advertisement, selecting a second video advertisement based at least in part on the identified characteristic for the user, and providing the second video advertisement for presentation to the user with the video display system, wherein an advertiser is caused to charge for display of video advertisements that are determined to have not been skipped, and not charged for display for video advertisements that are determined to have been skipped.

Targeted video advertising

A computer-implemented method of providing targeted video promotional material includes transmitting a promotional item for display on a video terminal, determining whether the promotional item was skipped, and updating a profile corresponding to the promotional item or a viewer of the promotional item based on whether or not the promotional item was skipped.

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Campbell, CA, United States of America

Mikhail A Dmitriev