International Business Machines Corporation

Michael Ray

Glenn F Guhman

Theodore R Touw

An optical device having a variable index of refraction across its surface includes a light transmissive material with a plurality of regions in the light transmissive material. Each region has an index of refraction which is different from the remainder of the material. The regions may be arranged in the surface of the material such that the density of the regions on the surface varies across the surface. Each region may be a bore, including a hole that extends through the light transmissive material. Variations in the density of the regions or bores as well as the depth and shape of the bores may be utilized to create variations of the refractive index within the light transmissive material. The regions form a refractive lens.

Optical element having regions of different refractive indices for

An optical device having a variable index of refraction across its surface includes a light transmissive material with a plurality of regions in the light transmissive material. Each region has an index of refraction which is different from the remainder of the material. The regions may be arranged in the surface of the material such that the density of the regions on the surface varies across the surface. Each region may be a bore, including a hole that extends through the light transmissive material. Variations in the density of the regions or bores as well as the depth and shape of the bores may be utilized to create variations of the refractive index within the light transmissive material.

Optical elements having regions of different indices of refraction and

A method of locating a predetermined variation in the surface of a film such as selected depression or elevation on a film deposited on a surface and for measuring the depth of the depression or height of the elevation comprising the steps of establishing a datum plane based on the average level of the surface of the film, scanning the surface of the film with a laser beam until a predetermined variation from said datum plane is located, on the surface of the film, incrementally stepping the laser beam around and across the located variation, measuring the beam reflected at various points along the variation to determine the contour of the variation by establishing the slope of the variation between various measurements, establishing the apex of an elevation or bottom of a depression by determining when the measured slope goes to zero, and measuring the height of the established apex or depth of the established bottom of the depression with respect to the established datum plane of the film.

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Winooski, VT, United States of America

Michael Ray