Texaco Inc.

Michael M Dach

Harold C Kaufman

James F Beall

Paul N Woldy

Charles P Marion

James R Stoy

George Morris Gulko

Henry C Chan

Ting Y Chan

Robert J Stellaccio

Rich Walter Barkley

John Michael Brady

James Lindsey Schrodt

Jon Andrew Branson

Dennis R Shipman

In a hydrotreating process a two phase flow splitter is used in combination with parallel heat exchanger trains for heat transfer stability. Flow maldistribution of liquid and vapor between heat exchanger trains is thereby avoided without more complex feedback control. The two phase flow splitter is inherently phase volume ratio stable. Prior methods of flow splitting were only phase volume ratio metastable. Improved heat recovery at lower equipment cost is thereby achieved.

Hydrotreating process with two phase flow splitting and heat recovery

The invention is a method for mixing feedstock with fluidized catalyst in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) riser reactor. A dispersed catalyst suspension is passed upwardly at a velocity of 0.5 to 4 ft/sec. Atomized feedstock is injected downwardly at a velocity of -30 to -1000 ft./sec to produce a turbulently mixed reaction suspension. Vaporizing feedstock rapidly accelerates the reaction suspension in approximately plug flow. The slip factor between catalyst and hydrocarbon in the reaction suspension defining the departure from ideal plug flow is thereby reduced.

Fluid catalytic cracking feedstock injection process

This process pertains to a achieving high on-stream time and maintaining the temperature and composition of the raw effluent gas stream from a partial oxidation gas generator being fed simultaneously with a stream of gaseous fuel and separate stream of liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel. Two parallel oxygen streams equipped with flow transmitters and control valves are used to supply the oxygen associated with two separate and different fuel streams. Each stream of oxygen is controlled by an O.sub.2 /fuel ratio control so that if the flow rate of either stream of fuel or its related oxygen stream changes, the oxygen/carbon atomic ratio of the remaining O.sub.2 and fuel stream in the gasifier is maintained at a desired value. Further, if either fuel flow is stopped, its associated O.sub.2 flow will stop, but the remaining fuel stream and its associated O.sub.2 stream will continue to flow at the same rate with no change in the oxygen/fuel weight ratio. Complete shut down of the unit is thereby avoided. The quick raising of reactor temperatures to unsafe levels due to excess oxygen that occurs when one of the fuel streams is lost is thereby prevented.

Partial oxidation process

Reactor for gasifying a carbonaceous fuel to produce a usable gas, and comprising an insulated outer shell. A reaction chamber within the shell receives a fuel mixture from an injection burner. The products or effluent of gasification include hot produced gases which are passed through a constricted throat to be cooled in a liquid bath. A dip tube, which guides the hot effluent into the bath, is provided with a stream of coolant from a quench ring. The latter is supported below the reaction chamber and is provided with a thermal barrier along its surface that is exposed to the hot produced gas. The barrier will reduce thermal stress in the quench ring and reduce drain of heat from the gasifier throat, thus avoiding premature chilling of the slag component.

Quench ring insulating collar

The invention concerns the internal structure of a high temperature furnace. That structure includes a dome made of refractory bricks that are capable of withstanding the high temperature within a coal gasification generator. The structure also includes a supporting brick wall under the dome. And, it includes an inner wall made of refractory bricks. The latter is inside of the supporting wall. The inner wall shields the supporting wall from the highest temperature while it is free to expand without being subject to any compressive load from the dome.

High temperature furnace

An improvement for the structure of a quench ring and dip tube combination. It is applicable to an assembly of those elements on a gasification generator at the outlet thereof. It has a hollow perforated standpipe (48) that will bleed off any accumulation of gas above the cooling water in the quench ring.

Quench ring and dip tube combination with improvement

Coal or other high ash containing carbonaceous solid fuel is reacted with a free-oxygen containing gas, with or without a temperature moderator, in a down-flow partial oxidation gas generator to produce a stream of raw synthesis gas, fuel gas, or reducing gas. A large portion of the combustion residue, i.e., molten slag and/or particulate solids that is entrained in the down-flowing generated gas stream is removed by gravity when the gas stream is passed through a diversion chamber where the velocity of the gas stream is reduced and its direction is diverted. The main gas stream leaving the diversion chamber through the side outlet passes upward through a solids separation zone, optionally including gas-gas quench cooling, cyclones, filters, impingement separators, or combinations thereof, where additional entrained solids are removed and where some cooling of the gas stream may be effected by impingement with a cooled cleaned recycle portion of the gas stream. Next, most of the sensible heat in the gas stream is recovered by the production of steam. The gas stream, with a substantially reduced solids content, is passed through the tubes of one or more shell-and-straight fire tube gas coolers.

Gasification process

Coal or other high ash containing carbonaceous solid fuel is reacted with a free-oxygen containing gas, with or without a temperature moderator, in a down-flow partial oxidation gas generator to produce a stream of raw synthesis gas, fuel gas, or reducing gas. A large portion of the combustion residue, i.e. molten slag and/or particulate solids that is entrained in the down-flowing generated gas stream is removed by gravity when the gas stream is passed through a diversion chamber. The main gas stream leaving the diversion chamber through the side outlet passes upward through a solids separation zone, optionally including gas-gas quench cooling, cyclones, filters, impingement separators, or combinations thereof. Next, most of the sensible heat in the gas stream is recovered by indirect heat exchange with boiler feed water and steam. Saturated and superheated steam are produced. In the main gas cooling zone, the hot gas stream with a substantially reduced solids content is passed serially through the tubes of two or more communicating shell-and-straight fire tube gas coolers. Saturated steam, which is produced in one, or more of said gas coolers, is superheated in another of said gas coolers.

Process for gasification and production of by-product superheated steam

The effluent gas stream from a partial oxidation gas generator is scrubbed with water. A dispersion of particulate carbon and water is produced, mixed with a liquid organic extractant, and separated in a decanter. The overhead stream from the decanter, comprising a dispersion of carbon in the liquid organic extractant, together with small amounts of water, is mixed with extraction oil and heated in a vaporizing operation to produce a vaporized overhead mixture, comprising substantially all of the water and liquid organic extractant, and an unvaporized liquid bottoms dispersion of carbon in extraction oil containing only a minor amount of water and liquid organic extractant. The bottoms dispersion is passed into a steam stripper in counterflow with stripping steam. The overhead from the steam stripper, in admixture with 0 to 100 volume % of the overhead from the vaporizing operation is cooled and condensed to separate water and liquid organic extractant by indirect heat exchange in at least two and preferably three separate heat exchange or condensing zones in series, with a different coolant in each zone. Liquid organic extractant and air or water are coolants in two of the zones and the coolant for any remaining zone is selected from the group: (a) at least a portion of carbon/liquid organic extractant/water dispersion overhead from the decanter, (b) at least a portion of the extraction oil, and (c) mixtures of (a) and (b). The bottoms stream from the steam stripper, comprising carbon and extraction oil may be mixed with hydrocarbonaceous feed and pumped into the gas generator with or without further heating.

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Houston, TX, United States of America

Michael M Dach