Rohde and Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg

Sandvik Materials Technology Deutschland Gmbh

Michael Kramer

Michael John Simon

Norman Herzog

Jens Rusch-Ihwe

Markus Mann

A heating element for heating gases to high temperatures includes at least one tube arranged for the flow of gas to be heated and an electrical heating wire in the tube, which transfers heat to the gas flowing past. A process heater and a corresponding heating element are provided to permit generation of gas temperatures up to 1000&#xb0; C. or above and having a lifespan 10 times longer than conventional heating coils. The heating wire is formed as a heating rod extending along the tube axis, whose maximum clear distance to the inner wall of the tube does not exceed a value of 10 mm over at least 80% of the circumference and/or at least 80% of the overlapping length of the tube and heating rod.

Heating element and process heater

Mapping data packets of a first data stream into data fields of a second data stream at several transmitters is provided by generating a first data stream with first data packets containing data associated with stationary receivers and second data packets containing data associated with mobile receivers in a head-end, where second data packets at the start of a group of consecutively transmitted second data packets contain placeholders into which signaling information is filled. A first data stream is transmitted from the head-end to each transmitter. Each transmitter extracts signaling information from the second data packets indicating in which data slot and in which data sub-frame of a received data frame the second data packet is transferred. Each transmitter inserts synchronization data in a specific data packet in each data slot containing second data packets. The first and second data packets are mapped consecutively into the second data stream.

Method and system for synchronized mapping of data packets in an ATSC data stream

Producing coherent symbols from a plurality of digital RF transmitters is achieved by selecting data bytes corresponding to mobile-handheld encapsulation (MHE) packets and setting trellis coders to a predetermined state when a predetermined number of bits of the data bytes enter a corresponding trellis coder.

Growing community of inventors

Dillishausen, Germany

Michael Kramer