University College Dublin

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Michael Kennedy

Barry Joseph Smyth

Richard Macartan Humphreys

Valerio Mazzaro

Dawei Mai

A digital delta-sigma modulator (DDSM) is disclosed with an input signal x[n], an output signal y[n], a quantization error signal e[n] and a dither signal d[n], having an equation described in the z-domain by()=()()+()()−()(),

Apparatus for mitigating nonlinearity-induced spurs and noise in a fractional-N frequency synthesizer

The present invention provides a fractional-N frequency synthesizer comprising a divider controller comprising a multistage noise Shaping (MASH) digital delta-sigma modulator comprising L error feedback modulator (EFM) stages, wherein the jth EFM stage is configured to receive as an input the sum of the error of the preceding EFM stage and a high amplitude dither signal derived from the error of the kth EFM stage, where 1&#x2264;j&#x2264;k&#x2264;L.

Apparatus for mitigating wandering spurs in a fractional-N frequency synthesizer

A method of providing information in a directory system comprising a directory for company information, goods and services; a communications network; a directory computer operated by a directory provider; a plurality of search computers operated by enquirers which search computers are connected within the network; and a plurality of active content providers operating active content provider computers, at least some of which are connected to the directory computer. The company information, goods and services are classified by unique identifiers. Lists of goods and services and company information are provided as provider content from both active and passive content providers. These are stored in a provider database with unique identifiers. The directory computer on request downloads to the search computer one or more queries to allow the search computer specify the search correctly and then the directory computer downloads the search result. The active content provider computers update the search from time to time. The purpose is to provide a comprehensive listing of useful information to an enquirer in an easily searched form while simultaneously allowing the active content providers to tailor the information supplied.

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Michael Kennedy