Amoco Corporation

Bp Amoco Corporation

Bp Corporation North America Inc.

Standard Oil Company (indiana)

Other

Michael J Spangler

Glenn O Michaels

Gary P Hagen

James L Jezl

Larry C Satek

Philip O Nubel

Mark L Winzenburg

George A Huff

Mark P Kaminsky

Edwin F Peters

Narasimhan Calamur

Charles A Lutman

A stability system for a trike includes an articulating rear wheel assembly and a steering assembly. The articulating rear wheel assembly includes a swing arm and an articulating rear spindle. The articulating rear wheel assembly is connected with the steering assembly such that the wheel assembly rotates in a positive angle or in a negative angle in synchronous relationship with the front wheels of the trike. The steering assembly comprises a plurality of steering components. In some preferred embodiments the steering components may be bell cranks, tie rods, or push/pull rods.

Stability system for a trike

A particularly useful process which includes the steps of providing a feedstream comprising methanol, a soluble condensation promoting component capable of activating a heterogeneous acidic catalyst and a source of formaldehyde formed by conversion of methanol in the presence of a catalyst comprising copper and zinc, and heating this feedstream with the heterogeneous acidic catalyst in a catalytic distillation column to convert methanol and formaldehyde present to methylal and higher polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers and to separate the methylal from the higher polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers is disclosed. Advantageously, methylal and higher polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers are formed and separated in a catalytic distillation column. By including within the column a section containing an anion exchange resin, an essentially acid-free product is obtained. Products can be used directly as a blending component, or fractionated, as by further distillation, to provide more suitable components for blending into fuel.

Preparation of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers by acid-activated catalytic conversion of methanol with formaldehyde formed by dehydrogenation of methanol

A particularly useful process which includes the steps of providing a feedstream comprising providing a source of formaldehyde formed by conversion of dimethyl ether in the presence of a catalyst comprising tungsten oxide; and (i) heating the feedstream with the heterogeneous acidic catalyst in a catalytic distillation column to convert methanol and formaldehyde present to methylal and higher polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers and to separate the methylal from the higher polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers is disclosed, and/or (ii) contacting the source of formaldehyde and a predominately dimethyl ether feedstream with a heterogeneous, condensation promoting catalyst capable of hydrating dimethyl ether under conditions of reaction sufficient to form an effluent comprising water, methanol, formaldehyde, dimethyl ether, and polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers is disclosed. Unreacted dimethyl ether is recovered from the effluent and recycled to the formation of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers. The resulting dimethyl ether-free liquid mixture is heated in the presence of an acidic catalyst to convert at least the methanol and formaldehyde present to polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers. Advantageously, methylal and higher polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers are formed and separated in a catalytic distillation column. By including in the column an anion exchange resin, an essentially acid-free product is obtained which can be used directly as a blending component, or fractionated, as by further distillation, to provide more suitable components for blending into diesel fuel.

Preparation of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers by catalytic conversion of formaldehyde formed by oxidation of dimethyl ether

Preparation of polyoxymethylene dialkane ethers, by catalytic conversion of formaldehyde formed by dehydrogenation of methanol or dimethyl ether

A particularly useful process which includes the steps of providing a feedstream comprising a soluble condensation promoting component capable of activating a heterogeneous acidic catalyst and a source of formaldehyde formed by conversion of dimethyl ether in the presence of a catalyst comprising silver as an essential catalyst component; and heating the feedstream with the heterogeneous acidic catalyst in a catalytic distillation column to convert methanol and formaldehyde present to methylal and higher polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers and to separate the methylal from the higher polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers is disclosed. Advantageously, methylal and higher polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers are formed and separated in a catalytic distillation column. By including in the column an anion exchange resin, an essentially acid-free product is obtained which can be used directly as a blending component, or fractionated, as by further distillation, to provide more suitable components for blending into diesel fuel.

Preparation of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers by acid-activated catalytic conversion of methanol with formaldehyde formed by oxy-dehydrogenation of dimethyl ether

A particularly useful process which includes the steps of providing a source of formaldehyde formed by conversion of methanol in the presence of a catalyst comprising oxides of molybdenum as an essential catalyst component; and contacting the source of formaldehyde and a predominately dimethyl ether feedstream with a heterogeneous, condensation promoting catalyst capable of hydrating dimethyl ether under conditions of reaction sufficient to form an effluent comprising water, methanol, formaldehyde, dimethyl ether, and polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers is disclosed. Unreacted dimethyl ether is recovered from the effluent and recycled to the formation of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers. The resulting dimethyl ether-free liquid mixture is heated in the presence of an acidic catalyst to convert at least the methanol and formaldehyde present to polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers. Advantageously, methylal and higher polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers are formed and separated in a catalytic distillation column. By including in the column an anion exchange resin, an essentially acid-free product is obtained which can be used directly as a blending component, or fractionated, as by further distillation, to provide more suitable components for blending into diesel fuel.

Preparation of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers by catalytic conversion

A particularly useful process which includes the steps of providing a source of formaldehyde formed by conversion of dimethyl ether in the presence of a catalyst comprising copper and zinc; and contacting the source of formaldehyde and a predominately dimethyl ether feedstream with a heterogeneous, condensation promoting catalyst capable of hydrating dimethyl ether under conditions of reaction sufficient to form an effluent comprising water, methanol, formaldehyde, dimethyl ether, and polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers is disclosed. Unreacted dimethyl ether is recovered from the effluent and recycled to the formation of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers. The resulting dimethyl ether-free liquid mixture is heated in the presence of an acidic catalyst to convert at least the methanol and formaldehyde present to polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers. Advantageously, methylal and higher polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers are formed and separated in a catalytic distillation column. By including in the column an anion exchange resin, an essentially acid-free product is obtained which can be used directly as a blending component, or fractionated, as by further distillation, to provide more suitable components for blending into diesel fuel.

A particularly useful process which includes the steps of providing a source of formaldehyde formed by conversion of methanol in the presence of a catalyst comprising silver as an essential catalyst component; and contacting the source of formaldehyde and a predominately dimethyl ether feedstream with a heterogeneous, condensation promoting catalyst capable of hydrating dimethyl ether under conditions of reaction sufficient to form an effluent comprising water, methanol, formaldehyde, dimethyl ether, and polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers is disclosed. Unreacted dimethyl ether is recovered from the effluent and recycled to the formation of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers. The resulting dimethyl ether-free liquid mixture is heated in the presence of an acidic catalyst to convert at least the methanol and formaldehyde present to polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers. Advantageously, methylal and higher polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers are formed and separated in a catalytic distillation column. By including in the column an anion exchange resin, an essentially acid-free product is obtained which can be used directly as a blending component, or fractionated, as by further distillation, to provide more suitable components for blending into diesel fuel.

A particularly useful process of contacting a feedstream containing dioxygen, carbon monoxide, ether, and alkanol which can be vaporized under conditions of reaction, with a blend of catalysts which are heterogeneous to the feedstream, under conditions of reaction sufficient to form a mixture containing at least one higher molecular weight oxygenated organic compound. In another aspect this invention relates to a blend of catalysts consisting of at least one molecular sieve, natural or synthetic, which has been found useful for hydrocarbon conversion reactions and a catalyst comprising a metal halide or a mixed metal halide supported on active carbon which is effective in catalyzing direct formation of organic carbonates.

Continuous catalytic process for preparation of organic carbonates

A particularly useful process which includes the steps of providing a source of formaldehyde formed by conversion of dimethyl ether in the presence of a catalyst comprising silver as an essential catalyst component; and contacting the source of formaldehyde and a predominately dimethyl ether feedstream with a heterogeneous, condensation promoting catalyst capable of hydrating dimethyl ether under conditions of reaction sufficient to form an effluent comprising water, methanol, formaldehyde, dimethyl ether, and polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers is disclosed. Unreacted dimethyl ether is recovered from the effluent and recycled to the formation of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers. The resulting dimethyl ether-free liquid mixture is heated in the presence of an acidic catalyst to convert at least the methanol and formaldehyde present to polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers. Advantageously, methylal and higher polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers are formed and separated in a catalytic distillation column. By including in the column an anion exchange resin, an essentially acid-free product is obtained which can be used directly as a blending component, or fractionated, as by further distillation, to provide more suitable components for blending into diesel fuel.

A process of contacting a feedstream containing dioxygen, carbon monoxide, ether, and alkanol, which can be vaporized under conditions of reaction, with a blend of catalysts which are heterogeneous to the feedstream, under conditions of reaction sufficient to form a mixture containing at least one higher molecular weight oxygenated organic compound is described. In another aspect, this invention relates to a blend of catalysts consisting of at least one molecular sieve, natural or synthetic, which has been found useful for hydrocarbon conversion reactions and a catalyst comprising a metal halide or a mixed metal halide supported on active carbon, which is effective in catalyzing direct formation of organic carbonates.

Dual-flow chemical reactor cores containing catalytic heat-transfer walls comprising both a gas-impervious material and a suitable catalyst which allows oxidative coupling of methane into higher hydrocarbons, dual-flow reactors having these catalytic heat-transfer walls to control and facilitate simultaneously coupling of methane and cracking of hydrocarbon compounds in separate gas streams, and chemical processes which combine coupling of methane and cracking of hydrocarbon compounds to make olefins in a dual-flow reactor having catalytic heat-transfer walls.

Catalytic wall reactors and use of catalytic wall reactors for methane

The invention provides an improved method for producing synthesis gas from lower alkanes which utilizes molten baths as reactors. A molten metal oxide bath delivers oxygen to a feed stream containing lower alkanes and enhances oxidation of the lower alkanes to produce carbon dioxide and a molten elemental metal. In a molten metal bath, the metal is regenerated to metal oxide by contact with a regenerant such as air. Heat evolved in the molten baths is transferred to an endothermic reactor where a portion of the carbon dioxide is converted to a mixture of carbon oxides and hydrogen.

Method for producing synthesis gas

A methed for converting a feedstock alkane containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms to a higher molecular weight hydrocarbon comprising contacting a feedstock with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalytic composition is disclosed. The catalytic composition includes a Group IA metal, a Group IIA metal and a third component, the precursor of which is a sol such as an aqueous suspension of a metal such as aluminum, silicon, titanium, zinc, zirconium, cadmium or tin with which the other components of the composition are throughly dispersed.

Catalyst for lower alkane conversion

A process for the halogen-assisted conversion of lower alkanes to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons is provided. A first reaction mixture including lower alkanes, a hydrogen halide and an oxygen-containing gas are contacted with a catalytic composition of crystalline copper aluminum borate at appropriate reaction conditions to form an intermediate composition including halogenated alkanes. The halogenated alkanes are subsequently contacted with a catalytic composition of a pentasil molecular sieve material under appropriate reaction conditions to form a product mixture including hydrocarbons having molecular weights greater than the lower alkanes.

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Sandwich, IL, United States of America

Michael J Spangler