Energy Development Associates

Michael J Hammond

Mark W Arendell

Patricia H Schultz

Vladimir Feiman

Sidika Kilic

An electrochemical apparatus for analyzing the zinc concentration in an aqueous zinc-halogen electrolyte is disclosed. The electrochemical apparatus includes a working electrode and an auxiliary electrode both in contact with the electrolyte to be analyzed, a reference electrode in contact with an aqueous zinc-halogen electrolyte of a predetermined concentration, and means for permitting the electrolyte to be analyzed to contact the electrolyte of predetermined concentration. The apparatus also includes circuit means for applying electrical power to the working and auxiliary electrodes for a first predetermined time period sufficient to deposit zinc metal onto the working electrode, and for measuring a potential difference across the reference and working electrodes indicative of the concentration of the electrolyte to be analyzed during a second predetermined time period. A suitable chamber means may also be provided for containing at least the portion of the electrolyte to be analyzed, with the working and auxiliary electrodes mounted in the chamber means such that they are in contact with the electrolyte within the chamber means. Similarly, vessel means may be provided for containing a supply of the electrolyte of a predetermined concentration, with the reference electrode and the vessel means associated such that the reference electrode is in contact with the electrolyte of a predetermined concentration. The vessel means is formed with liquid junction means for permitting the electrolyte of a predetermined concentration to contact the electrolyte to be analyzed within the chamber means. The analytical method according to the present invention includes the steps of applying electrical power to the working and auxiliary electrodes for a first predetermined time period sufficient to deposit zinc metal onto the working electrode, and measuring the potential difference across the reference and working electrodes during a second predetermined time period.

State of charge analytical apparatus

A metal halogen battery construction containing a special reactor means having a combustion arrester device and a reaction initiator device, whereby the reactor means permits controlled recombination of hydrogen gas and halogen gas in the system to form hydrogen halide, which is then dispersed into the store means of the battery.

Metal halogen battery construction with combustion arrester to prevent

This disclosure relates to a zinc halogen battery electrolyte composition containing an additive providing increased battery capacity. The improved electrolyte composition involves the use of a bismuth additive to inhibit undesirable irregular plating and reduce nodular or dendritic growth on the zinc electrode.

Zinc halogen battery electrolyte compositions with bismuth additive

An electrolytic cell for separating chlorine gas from other (foreign) gases, having an anode, a cathode assembly, an aqueous electrolyte, a housing, and a constant voltage power supply. The cathode assembly is generally comprised of a dense graphite electrode having a winding channel formed in the face opposing the anode, a gas impermeable (but liquid permeable) membrane sealed into the side of the cathode electrode over the channel, and a packing of graphite particles contained in the channel of the cathode electrode. The housing separates and parallelly aligns the anode and cathode assembly, and provides a hermetic seal for the cell. In operation, a stream of chlorine and foreign gases enters the cell at the beginning of the cathode electrode channel. The chlorine gas is dissolved into the electrolyte and electrochemically reduced into chloride ions. The chloride ions disfuse through the gas impermeable membrane, and are electrochemically oxidized at the anode into purified chlorine gas. The foreign gases do not participate in the above electrochemical reactions, and are vented from the cell at the end of the cathode electrode channel.

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Sterling Heights, MI, United States of America

Michael J Hammond