International Business Machines Corporation

Michael I Shub

Charles Philippe Tresser

Chai Wah Wu

Ronald Perez

Marco Martens

Francis M Lacan

Vijay A Kumar

Charanjit Singh Jutla

Pradeep Kumar Dubey

Alan David Kalvin

Roy Lee Adler

Alok Aggarwal

Joseph Y Margulies

Jean-Pierre Dedieu

A data management system and method are provided. Specifically, the present invention includes a system for controlling access to data and ensuring that the confidentiality of the data maintained. In addition, the present invention provides a system for updating data so that confidential data, which has become non-confidential, can be identified and exposed.

Data management system

A data management system and method are provided. Specifically, the present invention includes a system for controlling access to data and ensuring that the confidentiality of the data is maintained. In addition, the present invention provides a system for updating data so that confidential data, which has become non-confidential, can be identified and exposed.

Data management system and method

A method and system offer confidential purchase of electronic data which can be used without any need of knowledge in cryptography nor mastery of computer use beyond usual usage of the World Wide Web (WWW). The method and system which guarantee confidentiality as long as there is no collusion between agents working for a large number of reputable companies whose references can be easily checked on the Internet before proceeding to the order. In addition, the method and system allow for guaranteed payment and offer recourse in case of improper delivery.

Achieving buyer-seller anonymity for unsophisticated users under collusion amongst intermediaries

A method and apparatus which enables customers to remotely order goods from a merchant and receive the goods without revealing customer identity or address to the merchant, nor revealing what is bought to the bank or payment agency, and more generally to preserve as much anonymity as required such that no party except the customer has complete information about a transaction. The method uses clearing houses or encryption to break links between customer information and the merchant.

Method and apparatus for remote commerce with customer anonymity

Spinal modeling is based on a concept called spinal energy which assumes that the spine assumes a shape to minimize spinal energy. Spinal energy depends on parameters called stiffness coefficients. These parameters can be determined from human data which, by hypothesis, are universal for a large class of humans. The method adapts Newton's method to the manifold SO(3) to find a solution of model of the human spine. Where basins of attraction are small in Newton's method, homotopy methods are introduced to move from known solutions to unknown solutions. By setting the gradient of the spinal energy to zero, Newton's method is used to solve the inverse problem of finding stiffness coefficients from human data. A new approach to improving deformed spines uses the modeling method based on spinal energy. This approach preserves maximally the range of motion of the spine. The technique used is vertebraplasty; i.e., adding and/or subtracting material surgically from various vertebral bodies without fusing or altering soft tissue. An interactive process is used to determine the surgery to be performed to improve spinal shape.

Computation of shapes of three-dimensional linkage structures based on optimization techniques

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Michael I Shub