E.i. Dupont De Nemours and Company

The Standard Oil Company

The Standard Oil Company (ohio)

California Institute of Technology

Illinois Institute of Technology

Michael D Ward

Richard C Ebersole

Robert K Grasselli

James F Brazdil

Michael A Tenhover

Robert P Foss

Jonathan H Harris

Richard S Henderson

Thomas E Mallouk

Eugene S Smotkin

William A Marritt

Alexander Katz

John Richard Moran

Kevin L Ley

A hybrid electrolyte system for fuel cells and other electrochemical reactors comprising an acid electrolyte, a base electrolyte, and a proton permeable dense phase separating the acid electrolyte from the base electrolyte.

Hybrid electrolyte system

A method using quartz resonators probes dynamically the mechanical characteristics of thin films. This method probes the film properties at the anti-resonance frequency where the vibrational amplitude is smallest, minimizing nonlinear contributions in the dependence of the film mechanical characteristics on the resonator electrical characteristics. Determination of the mechanical characteristics involves impedance analysis, transformation of .vertline.Y.vertline. and .theta. data into a linear form so that the conductance and susceptance at the frequency of minimum absolute admittance can be accurately determined, and use of a two-dimensional Newton-Raphson numerical method to determine the values of the storage modulus G', loss modulus G', as well as various other film and resonator properties.

Method for measuring mechanical properties of thin films using a

A method is provided for detecting an analyte in a liquid sample, the method using light energy propagational properties of an analyte-responsive polymer. The analyte-responsive polymer is interfaced with a means to detect changes in the light propagation of the analyte-responsive polymer and the changes are correlated to the amount of analyte in the liquid sample.

Analyte detection by means of an analyte-responsive polymer

A composition is provided which is a transducing polymer having from 1 to 20 crosslinks per polymer molecule and selected from the group consisting of amphoteric co- or ter-polymers of pI between 6.2 to 8.0 of acrylic acid, alkyl methacrylate, and N,N-dimethly-aminoethyl methacrylate, the amphoteric co- or ter-polymer immobilized on a surface. Also provided is a method for the preparation of an analyte-responsive polymer immobilized on a surface in which the steps are a. mixing a solution of a crosslinker and the claimed transducing polymer, b. applying the solution of step a to a surface, and c. then curing the polymer to a ratio of from 1 to 20 crosslinks per transducing polymer molecule. Acoustic and optical methods for detecting analtyes are also provided which use an analyte-responsive polymer.

A biosensor detector method for detecting biological targets, using specific binding, or hybridization techniques coupled with enzymatic amplification and the mass sensing capability of a piezoelectric oscillator. An optical biosensor is also contemplated.

Assay method for biological target complexes on the surface of a

A piezoelectric crystal-based specific binding assay in which a sol is used to increase the mass of binding reagents to amplify responses to analyte.

Piezoelectric specific binding assay with mass amplified reagents

The invention relates to a piezoelectric biosensor device and also to a method and a system utilizing a piezoelectric biosensor device for detecting metabolic growth requirements, antibiotic responses, and the specific bacterial products of microorganisms. When a microorganism is grown in an appropriate nutrient medium containing a metabolic product responsive polymer, metabolic products of the organism acidify the medium and precipitate a polymer metabolic product complex which deposits or accumulates on the surface of a piezoelectric biosensor device. The mass change on the surface of the device resulting from this deposit produces a change in the resonant frequency of the piezoelectric biosensor device which can be used to determine the growth and type of microorganism.

Piezoelectric cell growth biosensing method using polymer-metabolic

A quartz crystal microbalance assay in which the binding of analyte to a surface on or near a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is detected by a conjugate which comprises an enzyme capable of catalyzing the conversion of a substrate to a product capable of accummulating on or reacting with a surface of the QCM leading to a mass change and, hence, a change in resonant frequency.

Enzymatically amplified piezoelectric specific binding assay

Improved electrolytic processes employing oxygen anodes. The improvement comprises the step of conducting a electrolysis process in an electrolytic cell having a platinum based amorphous metal alloy oxygen anode having the formula

Electrolytic processes employing platinum based amorphous metal alloy

A process for the photochemical dehydrogenation of alcohols comprises the steps of forming a suspension of semiconductor powder in the alcohol and photochemically activating the suspension in the presence of an oxidant with illumination having an energy at least equal to the band gap of the semiconductor powder. The process is one carried out at about ambient temperature and with gentle agitation. The semiconductor powder has the general formula A.sub.x B.sub.y C.sub.z where A is selected from Bi, Sn, Pt, Pd, Cu, Fe, W, V, Sb, Mo, Ru or Ag and mixtures thereof; B is Te, Sb, Ti, Cd, Mo, W or V and mixtures thereof; C is O or S; x equals 0.1 to 5; y equals 1 to 3; and z is a number necessary to satisfy the other elements, and is optionally metallized by an element selected from Pt, Pd, Cu or Ag.

Process for the photochemical dehydrogenation of alcohols with

Electrolysis of halide-containing solutions with amorphous metal alloys

A process for the selective oxidation of olefins comprises the steps of forming a suspension of semiconductor powder in a solvent media, adding an olefin to the solvent media in the presence of an oxidant to form a mixture and, photochemically activating the mixture with illumination having an energy at least equal to the band gap of the semiconductor powder wherein the selectivity is controlled by the selection of A, of the solvent and of the oxidant. The process is one carried out at about ambient temperature and with gentle agitation. The semiconductor powder has the general formula A.sub.x B.sub.y C.sub.z where A is selected from Bi, Sn, Pt, Pd, Cu, Fe, W, V, Sb, Mo, Ru or Ag and mixtures thereof; B is Te, Sb, Ti, Cd, Mo, V or W and mixtures thereof; C is O or S; x equals 0 to 5; y equals 1 to 3; and z is a number necessary to satisfy the other elements, and is optionally metallized by an element selected from Pt, Pd, Cu or Ag.

Process for the selective oxidation of olefins with photochemical

A process for the generation of halogens from halide-containing solutions includes the step of conducting electrolysis of the solutions in an electrolytic cell having a platinum based amorphous metal alloy anode having the formula

Electrolysis of halide-containing solutions with platinum based

The vapor phase oxidation of acetonitrile with molecular oxygen in the presence or absence of water vapor to produce glycolonitrile or glycolamide.

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Newark, DE, United States of America

Michael D Ward