Other

Becton Dickinson and Company Limited

Leland Stanford Junior University

Kevex Corporation

Chevron U.s.a. Inc.

Fei Comapny

Physical Electronics Inc.

Surface/interface, Inc.

Surface Science Laboratories, Inc.

Apparati, Inc.

Michael A Kelly

Bradley Scott Thomas

Charles E Bryson, Iii

Michael R Walters

Edward M Skevington

Paul F Gaidis

Edward G King

Robert Martin Carlson

Jeremy E Dahl

Paul E Larson

Zhi-Xun Shen

Zhengyu Wang

Charles S Bryson, Iii

J Michael Moldowan

Warren Wu

In some embodiments, the present invention is directed to methods for synthesizing higher diamondoids, wherein said methods involve augmenting existing diamondoid molecules through the bonding of carbon atoms to such existing diamondoid species with intramolecular cross-linking so as to form larger diamondoids containing face-fused diamond-crystal (adamantane) cages with carbon frameworks superimposable on the cubic-diamond crystal lattice.

Synthesis of higher diamondoids

A non-dispersive electrostatic energy analyzer for electrons and other charged particles having a generally coaxial structure of a sequentially arranged sections of an electrostatic lens to focus the beam through an iris and preferably including an ellipsoidally shaped input grid for collimating a wide acceptance beam from a charged-particle source, an electrostatic high-pass filter including a planar exit grid, and an electrostatic low-pass filter. The low-pass filter is configured to reflect low-energy particles back towards a charged particle detector located within the low-pass filter. Each section comprises multiple tubular or conical electrodes arranged about the central axis. The voltages on the lens are scanned to place a selected energy band of the accepted beam at a selected energy at the iris. Voltages on the high-pass and low-pass filters remain substantially fixed during the scan.

Coaxial charged particle energy analyzer

An electron energy analyzer including a curved electrostatic low-pass reflector and a high-pass electrostatic transmissive filter. The reflector comprises a curved grid, preferably ellipsoidal, and an absorber electrode placed in back of the curved grid with respect to the electron source and biased negatively to the curved grid to act as a reflective low-pass filter and a collimating optics for the reflected beam. The transmissive filter includes first and second flat grids extending across the collimated reflected beam. The second grid on the side of the first grid opposite the curved grid is biased negatively to the first grid and the absorber electrode. A field free region is created by applying the same bias to the curved grid, the first grid, and chamber sidewall sleeve. An electron detector detects all electrons passed by the second grid in an energy band in the overlap of the high-pass and low-pass bands.

Non-dispersive charged particle energy analyzer

An apparatus for transporting animal feed in an aqueous body utilizing a container having a wall portion forming a chamber. The chamber is intended to hold the animal feed. A baffle is positioned in the chamber of the container to direct the animal feed to a selected portion of the chamber. A conduit and pump urge the movement of the animal feed and aqueous material from the chamber for dispersion as needed.

Seed dispersing apparatus

A non-resonant microwave imaging microscope and associated probe. The probe includes a sensor unit with two fixed electrodes, preferably a large outer electrode surrounding a small inner electrode which are approximately co-planar, thereby protecting the small inner electrode from an uneven topography. The outer electrode may be deposited on a conically shaped dielectric disk having a bore through which the inner electrode is placed. Non-resonant circuitry couples the inner electrode to the probe signal variably selected in the range of 10 MHz-50 GHz and to an amplifier whose output is coupled to a signal processor detector in-phase and out-of-phase components of the current or voltage across the two electrodes. A mechanical positioner moves the probe vertically towards the sample and scans it across the sample.

Non-resonant microwave imaging probe

An electron energy analyzer integrated with a low-pass energy filter. The electron energy analyzer includes a separation region disposed inside a coil creating a magnetic field parallel to an axis of the separation region. The magnetic field is terminated at both ends of the separation region and shunted by a magnetic yoke around the outside of the coil. Electrons entering the separation region at a polar angle with respect to the axis accumulate an azimuthal angle dependent on the energy of the electron. Thereby, the direction the electron is traveling when it exits the separation angle depends upon its energy. According to the invention, a low-pass reflector is positioned at the input side of the analyzer, for example, a grounded grid in back of which is positioned a negatively biased absorption electrode. Electrons having energy exceeding the electrode bias are absorbed. Electrons having energy less than the electrode bias are reflected and exit the reflector with the same energy as before. The reflector may be curved to focus the electrons. A curved reflector may be used to introduced chromatic dispersion in the electron beam so that electrons of different energies enter the analyzer at different polar angles. A second reflector may be positioned on the other end of the analyzer so that the energy-analyzed electrons are extracted on the input side of the analyzer.

Electron analyzer having an integrated low pass filter

A centrifuge device that is used to centrifuge a fluid sample, such as a blood sample, to separate the fluid sample into its various component layers, and which is capable of measuring the length of the component layers to calculate cell counts for each layer. The centrifuge device includes a rotor assembly for rotating and thus centrifuging the fluid sample, and a movable optical reader device for reading the cell layers in the centrifuged sample. The centrifuge device is capable of accurately controlling the reading of the centrifuged sample based on the orientation of the rotor, so that the rotor can continue to rotate the centrifuged sample while the readings are being taken.

Blood centrifugation device with movable optical reader

A carrier tube system and method for using the same includes a carrier tube that is configured to receive a capillary blood tube, and a cap which seals the carrier tube to isolate the blood in the capillary tube from the surrounding atmosphere. The carrier tube system can be placed in a centrifuge which separates the blood with its component parts and optically reads the resulting layer thicknesses. The cap of the carrier tube can include a gear portion which is adapted for engagement with an indexing mechanism of the centrifuge, so that the indexing mechanism can rotate the carrier tube system about its longitudinal axis during centrifugation, thus allowing the optical reader of the centrifuge to take layer thickness readings at various positions about the circumference of the capillary tube. The cap can also include a float holder which holds a float that is inserted automatically into the capillary tube when the cap is placed.

Disposable blood tube holder

A carrier tube system and method for using the same includes a carrier tube that is configured to receive a capillary blood tube, and a cap which seals the carrier tube to isolate the blood in the capillary tube from the surrounding atmosphere. The carrier tube system can be placed in a centrifuge which separates the blood with its component parts and optically reads the resulting layer thicknesses. The cap of the carrier tube can include a gear portion which is adapted for engagement with an indexing mechanism of the centrifuge, so that the indexing mechanism can rotate the carrier tube system about its longitudinal axis during centrifugation, thus allowing the optical reader of the centrifuge to take layer thickness readings at various positions about the circumference of the capillary tube. The cap can also include a float holder which holds a float that is inserted automatically into the capillary tube when the cap is placed

Method for using disposable blood tube holder

Method for using blood centrifugation device with movable optical reader

An apparatus effects a uniform surface potential on an insulating specimen in an x-ray photoelectron or a secondary ion emission instrument in which there is positive charging of an irradiation region. An area of the specimen including the irradiation region is flooded with a beam of low energy electrons to neutralize the positive charging, causing negative charging of the flooding area. Positive ions are directed onto the flooding area to neutralize the negative charging. The electron beam has an energy less than about 2 eV and an energy spread less than about 0.5 eV. The ratio of the beam distance to its diameter is less than about 10. The ions have an energy less than 10 eV.

Control of surface potential of insulating specimens in surface analysis

A charged-particle analyzer in which a solenoid or other means set up a generally axial magnetic field in a drift region. Meshes of magnetically permeable material are set at ends of the drift region to terminate the magnetic field. Charged particles, such as electrons, are incident upon entrance mesh at a given angle with respect to the central axis. After passing through the entrance mesh, they gyrate around the magnetic field lines, and they then exit the drift region through the exit mesh. The rotation accumulated across the drift region depends upon the energy of the incident particle, and the angle of the particle trajectory exterior of the exit mesh thus depends on the particle's energy. A charged-particle detector detects the position of the particle relative to the central axis and, hence, its energy. In one embodiment, the meshes are flat so that a uniform magnetic field is created in the drift region. In another embodiment, the meshes are curved and may act as charged-particle lenses with focal planes at the particle source and at the detector.

Electron analyzer with integrated optics

A charged particle energy analyzer having higher sensitivity than conventional analyzers inserts a substantially parallel beam of charged particles into a uniform magnetic field at an angle to the field direction. The charged particles travel along the field direction and rotate perpendicular to it, forming helical trajectories. After traveling a given distance in the field direction, the total rotation each charged particle has undergone is measured. Because the total rotation is uniquely related to the energy of the particle, a spectrum showing the energy distribution of all the particles in the beam can be derived from these measurements. The enhanced sensitivity of this analyzer results from its ability to simultaneously analyze all the particles in a beam having a large energy spread.

High throughput electron energy analyzer

An electron energy analyzer uses identical sectors, typically though not necessarily ninety degree segments of a toroid, disposed in complementary relationship with an aperture therebetween to provide a mapping of the image at the entrance plane to the exit plane while permitting the desired energy analysis to be performed.

Dual electron analyzer

Electron or ion spectroscopy methods are commonly used for the surface analysis of insulating materials. During the illumination of the surface, electrons are emitted leaving behind a positively charged surface. The positively charged surface causes the energy of the emitted electrons to change and interferes with the analysis of their energy spectra. Conventionally, a source of neutralizing low energy electrons is directed to the illuminated region of the surface to neutralize the positive surface charge. The addition, to the non-illuminated region of the material, of a flux of positive particles or a means of emitting negative particles causes a discharge of the positive charge from the illuminated area of the material and establishes a dynamic equilibrium over the surface of the entire specimen. This permits the surface to be maintained at an arbitrarily uniform level controlled by the relative fluxes of the emitted electrons, the neutralizing electron flux, and the discharging means.

Growing community of inventors

Portola Valley, CA, United States of America

Michael A Kelly