Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC

Meng Li

Dong Ding

Bin Hua

Boryann Liaw

Yulun Zhang

A method of forming a metal nanomaterial comprises forming a precursor solution comprising a metal precursor and a metal oxide precursor. A complexing agent is added to the precursor solution, and the metal precursor and the metal oxide precursor are hydrolyzed to form a sol. The sol is heated to form a gel, which is calcined to incorporate metal cations from the metal precursor into a metal oxide lattice from the metal oxide precursor. The calcined gel is exposed to a reducing agent to exsolve the metal from the metal oxide lattice and to form a metal nanomaterial comprising a metal and a metal oxide is formed. Additional methods of forming a metal nanomaterial are also disclosed.

Methods of forming metal nanomaterials

A method of hydrogenating carbon dioxide comprises forming a tunable catalyst comprising at least one metal comprising a size within a range of from a single atom to about 999 nanometers and formulated to produce one or more carbon-containing compounds. An electrochemical cell comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode comprising the tunable catalyst, and an electrolyte between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is formed. Carbon dioxide is introduced to the negative electrode of the electrochemical cell and a potential difference is applied between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to selectively hydrogenate the carbon dioxide. The hydrogen ions are diffused through the electrochemical cell. The carbon dioxide at the negative electrode is hydrogenated to selectively form carbon monoxide, methane, or a desired ratio of carbon monoxide and methane. An electrochemical cell and a carbon dioxide hydrogenation system are also disclosed.

Methods of hydrogenating carbon dioxide using electrochemical cells comprising tunable catalysts

Disclosed is a method of analyzing an energy storage device including normalizing charge and discharge voltage profiles to obtain normalized charge and discharge voltage profiles as a function of a normalized capacity; averaging the normalized voltage profiles to obtain an averaged voltage profile as a function of the normalized capacity; determining an internal resistance between the charge or discharge voltage profiles and the normalized averaged voltage profile; determining a current-resistance (IR) potential responsive to a measured current and the determined internal resistance; determining an IR-free voltage charge or discharge profile of the energy storage device; and determining a ratio between a capacity change and a voltage potential change in a charging or discharging process of the energy storage device over a predetermined interval of time responsive to the determined IR-free voltage charge or discharge profiles.

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Ammon, ID, United States of America

Meng Li