Apple Inc.

Au Optronics Corporation

Meng-Huan Ho

Rui Liu

Cheng Kai Chen

Lun Tsai

Aleksandr N Polyakov

Niva A Ran

Mohammad Yeke Yazdandoost

KiBeom Kim

Shih Chang Chang

Chin-Wei Lin

Jean-Pierre Simon Guillou

Yi Qiao

Minhyuk Choi

Donghee Nam

Kwang Ohk Cheon

Volodymyr Borshch

Jun Qi

Giovanni Gozzini

Hung Sheng Lin

Chieh-Wei Chen

Tyler Robin Kakuda

ByoungSuk Kim

Yi Huang

Anand K Chamakura

Ying-Chih Wang

David S Hum

Ting-Yi Cho

Yanming Li

Akshay Bhat

John Z Zhong

Ming Xu

Shawn Robert Gettemy

Tong Chen

Serhan O Isikman

Jungmin Lee

Mark T Winkler

Jae Won Choi

Chung-Chun Lee

Meng-Ting Lee

Bhadrinarayana Lalgudi Visweswaran

Guocheng Shao

Wenrui Cai

Ken-Tsung Wong

Christopher M Dodson

Jun Jiang

Wendi Chang

Takahide Ishii

Chih-Lei Chen

Yurii Morozov

Chang-Yen Wu

Xiao Xiang

Chien Lu

Chin Wei Hsu

Nai-Chih Kao

Wen-Yi Hung

Po-Hsuan Chiang

Haojiang Zhou

Soojin Park

Hui Lu

Pei-Ling Lin

Shih-Wei Lin

Hsiao-Fan Chen

Shan-Jen Yu

Yusuke Fujino

Sarfaraz Moh

Ting-Chih Wang

Qu-Yuan Liu

An electronic device includes a frame and a display stack. The frame defines a first part of an interior volume. The display stack includes a cover attached to the frame. The cover may define a second part of the interior volume. The display stack also includes an array of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) including an array of emissive electroluminescent (EL) regions, and at least one organic photodetector (OPD) disposed between the cover and at least one emissive EL region in the array of emissive electroluminescent regions. The at least one emissive EL region emits light through the at least one OPD. In alternative embodiments, the OLEDs may be stacked on the OPDs, or the OLEDs and OPDs may be interspersed with each other instead of stacked.

Display stack with integrated photodetectors

Systems and methods for detection of incident light are described. An optical imaging sensor is positioned at least partially within an active display area of a display and is configured to detect and characterize one or more properties of light incident to the active display area of the display.

Sensing system for detection of light incident to a light emitting layer of an electronic device display

Display structures for controlling viewing angle color shift are described. In various embodiments, polarization sensitive diffusers, independent controlled cathode thicknesses, filtermasks, touch detection layers, and color filters are described.

Viewing angle color shift control

An electronic device may have a display such as an organic light-emitting diode display. The display may have an active area formed from an array of pixels with light-emitting diodes. The light-emitting diodes may be formed from an organic layer containing emissive material between an anode layer and a cathode layer. Apertures may be formed in the active area of the display. The apertures may allow light to pass to light-sensitive components under the display. A polarizer may overlap the display and may have a bleached area that forms part of a camera aperture. Light may pass through the camera aperture to a camera under the display. The display may have an array of apertures that allow light to pass to a light-sensitive fingerprint sensor under the display.

Electronic device with display apertures

A device includes a display stack and an optical receiver. The display stack includes a set of opaque elements defining a translucent aperture. The translucent aperture extends through the display stack. The optical receiver is spaced apart from and behind a back surface of the display stack. At least one micro-optic element is formed on the back surface of the display stack, between the display stack and the optical receiver. The at least one micro-optic element includes a micro-optic element having a focal point located within the translucent aperture. The optical receiver is configured to receive light through the translucent aperture and the at least one micro-optic element.

Through-display optical transmission, reception, or sensing through micro-optic elements

An electronic device may have a flexible organic light-emitting diode display layer. The edge of the flexible display layer may be bent. The display may have pixels formed from organic light-emitting diodes having anodes characterized by anode surface normals. For pixels in some regions of the display such as the bent edge of the display, the display may be characterized by a display surface normal for a pixel that differs from an anode surface normal for the anode of the organic light-emitting diode of that pixel. By tilting the anodes in this way, color shifts due to off-axis viewing of the pixels in the bend edge of the display can be minimized. If desired, tilted anodes may have multiple areas with different tilts. Sets of pixels with different anode tilts or other characteristics that differ may be supplied with common pixel data values.

Electronic devices having displays with tilted anodes

Display structures for controlling viewing angle color shift are described. In various embodiments, polarization sensitive diffusers, independent controlled cathode thicknesses, filtermasks, and color filters are described.

Aspects of the subject technology relate to electronic devices with displays. The display includes an array of display pixels and one or more display-light sensors that monitor the display light generated by the display pixels. Using the display-light sensors, corrections to control signals for the display pixels can be provided to correct for array non-uniformities and/or pixel degradation over time. The display-light sensors may be provided in an array of display-light sensors mounted parallel to the array of display pixels. The array of display-light sensors can be in-plane with the display pixels or vertically displaced from the display pixels. The display-light sensors may be prevented from receiving non-display light such as ambient light.

Electronic devices with displays having integrated display-light sensors

A display may have an array of pixels formed from organic light-emitting diodes and thin-film transistor circuitry. Each pixel may include organic layers interposed between an anode and a cathode. The organic layers may emit out-coupled light that escapes the display and waveguided light that is waveguided within the organic layers. A reflector may be placed at the edge of the organic layers to reflect the waveguided light out of the display. The reflector may be located within a pixel definition layer and may be formed from metal or may be formed from one or more interfaces between high-refractive-index material and low-refractive-index material. The reflector may be formed from an extended portion of the pixel anode. The reflector may be formed from light-reflecting particles that are suspended in the pixel definition layer.

Organic light-emitting diode displays with reflectors

An electronic device may be provided with an ambient light sensor. The ambient light sensor may be a color ambient light sensor or a monochrome ambient light sensor. The electronic device may have a light-emitting component such as a display. During operation of the display, the display emits light. To reduce noise due to the emitted light while measuring ambient light, the ambient light sensor may have optical structures such as wave plates and polarizers. Theses optical structures may overlap light detectors. The optical structures may be configured to prevent ambient light from reaching a first of the light detectors while allowing ambient light to reach a second of the light detectors. The ambient light sensor may be configured to receive ambient light that has passed thorough an inactive area of a display or that has passed through a pixel array in an active area of a display.

Electronic device with polarized ambient light sensor

Systems and electronic displays with improved contrast even under bright-light conditions are provided. Such an electronic display may include a self-emissive pixel (e.g., OLED or &#x3bc;-LED) with a corresponding liquid crystal switchable retarder pixel. A liquid crystal layer of the switchable retarder pixel may be tuned to an 'on' state or an 'off' state. In the &#x201c;on&#x201d; state, the switchable retarder pixel may allow outside light that enters the pixel to reflect back out of the pixel. This may add to the amount of light that appears to be emitted from that pixel. In the &#x201c;off&#x201d; state, the switchable retarder pixel may block the outside light that enters the pixel from reflecting back out of the pixel. This may reduce the amount of light that appears to be emitted from that pixel. Selectively controlling the switchable retarder pixels may allow for increased contrast even under bright-light conditions.

Self-emissive display with switchable retarder for high contrast

A display may have an array of pixels with light-emitting diodes that emit light to form images. The display may have a substrate with thin-film transistor circuitry for supplying signals to the light-emitting diodes. Anodes may be formed on the thin-film transistor circuitry, emissive material may be formed on the anodes, and a cathode layer may overlap the anodes. During operation, currents may flow between the anodes and the cathode layer to illuminate the diodes. An array of electrical components such as an array of light sensors in an integrated circuit may be mounted under the substrate. An array of corresponding light transmitting windows may be formed in the display each of which may allow light to pass through the display to a corresponding one of the light sensors. Light transmitting windows may be formed by patterning the cathode layer and supplying the windows with antireflection layers.

Display with light transmitting windows

A display may have an array of pixels. Each pixel may have a light-emitting diode such as an organic light-emitting diode. The organic light-emitting diodes may each have an anode that is coupled to a thin-film transistor pixel circuit for controlling the anode. Transparent windows may be formed in the display. The windows may be formed by replacing subpixels in some of the pixels with transparent windows. When subpixels are replaced by transparent windows, adjacent subpixels may be overdriven to compensate for lost light from the replaced subpixels. Adjacent subpixels may also be enlarged to help compensate for lost light. An array of electrical components such as an array of light sensors may be aligned with the transparent windows and may be used to measure light passing through the transparent windows.

Display with embedded components and subpixel windows

Growing community of inventors

San Jose, CA, United States of America

Meng-Huan Ho