Commissariat a L'energie Atomique

Other

Mehdi Moussavi

Yves Morand

Carole Bourbon

Marc Beranger

Liliane Secourgeon

Karine Lang

The invention provides a method of forming conductive members in an integrated circuit comprising the steps of depositing a first dielectric layer on a substrate; depositing a first conductive layer; depositing a second dielectric layer; forming cavities extending at least partially through the first dielectric layer; forming a second conductive layer on internal surfaces of the cavities; and electrolytically depositing another conductive material within the cavities.

Structure and method for forming conductive members in an integrated circuit

This invention relates to a radical solution for nuclear magnetic resonance magnetometry, having resistance to magnetic field gradients over a wide temperature range. This solution consists of a nitroxide radical with the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which may be identical or different, represent an alkyl group or an alkoxy group which may be deuterated, or in which the R.sup.1 -R.sup.2 and/or R.sup.3 -R.sup.4 couples together form a cycloalklyl or polycycloalkyl group which may be deuterated, and N represents .sup.14 N or .sup.15 N,

Radical solution for nuclear magnetic resonance magnetometer

The invention relates to a solution containing a nitroxide radical for magnetometry by nuclear magnetic resonance. This solution is constituted by a nitroxide radical of formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which can be the same or different, represent an alkyl group or an alkoxy group which may be deuterated, or in which the pairs R.sup.1 -R.sup.2 and/or R.sup.3 -R.sup.4 together form an optionally deuterated cycloalkyl or polycycloalkyl group, and N represent .sup.14 N or .sup.15 N, dissolved in a solvent having an oxidizing power and an appropriate viscosity. The solvent can be constituted by a mixture of water and two compounds respectively playing the part of the oxidizing agent and viscosity modifying agent, e.g. water, ethylene glycol and NalO.sub.4, or can be solely constituted by a mixture of water and an oxidizing agent able to modify the viscosity, such as acetic acid.

Solution containing a nitroxide radical for magnetometry by nuclear

A probe for detecting and dosing molecular oxygen by the electronic paramagnetic resonance spectrometry of a sample of lithium phthalocyanine in contact with the atmosphere to be tested. The probe includes a fixed glass tube with the shape of a hairpin, traversed by a flow of an atmosphere to be tested. The top of the tube contains a chamber with porous walls traversed by the flow of the atmosphere to be tested. The chamber contains the phthalocyanine sample and is surrounded by the spires of an electronic resonance detector trip coil. A movable magnet surrounds the tube and is provided with windings to create a continuous field for polarizing the phthalocyanine sample.

Probe for detecting and dosing molecular oxygen by means of electronic

The present invention relates to a process for the detection or determination of molecular oxygen by EPR spectrometry using radical lithium phthalocyanines and a composition usable for in vivo determination. In the process, a medium is contacted with a radical lithium phthalocyanine in accordance with the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.10, R.sup.11, R.sup.14 and R.sup.15 represent an alkyl or an alkoxy radical group with 1-3 carbon atoms and R.sup.1, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.12, R.sup.13 and R.sup.16 represent a hydrogen or deuterium atom, and the EPR signal of the radical lithium phthalocyanine in contact with the medium is examined.

Process for the detection or determination of oxygen by EPR spectrometry

Use in magnetometry by electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of tetracyanoquinodimethane derivatives in accordance with the formula: ##STR1## in which AH.sup.+ is a cation derived from a heterocyclic aromatic base having at least three aromatic rings and a single NH.sup.+ group included in at least one of the rings, AH.sup.+ being e.g. acridinium or benzoquinolinium.

Use in magnetometry by electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of

The invention relates to the preparation of a radical cation salt of formula:

Process for the preparation of a radical cation salt and its use in an

The invention relates to novel radical lithium phthalocyanine crystals, their preparation process and their use for in vivo determination of molecular oxygen. These radical lithium phthalocyanine crystals comply with the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which can be the same or different, represent a deuterium or hydrogen atom having a tetragonal crystalline structure belonging to the space group P4/mcc. They are usable for in vivo oxygen determination by EPR spectrometry.

Radical lithium phthalocyanine crystals, their preparation process and

The invention concerns an octasubstituted lithium phthalocyanine responding to the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8, which are identical or different, represent an alkyl or alcoxy radical, possibly substituted by fluorine, and M represents Li or Li.sub.2. When M represents Li, this involves a lithium phthalocyanine octasubstituted like a radical which can be used in electronic paramagnetic resonance magnetometry. In this case, the substituents are preferably all identical and represent the methyl or methoxy radical.

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Saint Egreve, France

Mehdi Moussavi