Xerox Corporation

Maureen C Stone

Anthony DeRose

Eric Allan Bier

Kenneth P Fishkin

Nicholas K Sheridon

Jock D MacKinlay

Roy Want

Jock Douglas Mackinlay

Maribeth Joy Back

Elizabeth D Mynatt

David Goldberg

Beverly L Harrison

W Keith Edwards

Anuj Uday Gujar

David H Marimont

William A Buxton

Andrew S Glassner

Jason Ellis

Small, high-quality soundfiles are algorithmically recombined and their behavior altered to create rich, non-looping sound environments. These environments consist of sound effects as well as musical tones; for example, the sound of a single water drop or a single ocean wave can be replicated and regenerated according to algorithmic rules to create a long-running non-looping sound effect. Sonic parameters such as pitch, start time, intensity, and apparent spatial location are given initial values which are then changed in realtime via genetic algorithms to generate new values. When applied in Web-based 3D environments (e.g., VRML, Java3D, etc.), the present invention dramatically reduces the necessity for downloading large soundfiles. The present invention may also be used in real-world systems to produce long-running, interactive, non-looping sound environments. Applications of the present invention include awareness systems, entertainment systems, real/virtual interplay, and long-term auditory monitoring and display.

Method for generating rich sound environments using genetic or shaped algorithms

A virtual interface is provided which allows a user to navigate through a representation of a physical target area, such as an office, school or home environment. Using the virtual interface, a user can alter the configuration of a system which transmits information to users via peripheral or background auditory cues in response to physical actions of the users in the environments.

Virtual interface for configuring an audio augmentation system

A method of making a substrate in which sets of optically anisotropic spheroidal balls are disposed, as for use in an electrical twisting ball display. First and second sets of spheroidal balls, are deposited on a receiving surface composed of an elastomer substrate material in an adhesive state, the spheroidal balls thus deposited adhering to the receiving surface. Balls of the first and second sets are physically distinguishable from one another. Balls of the first set can be deposited in a first arrangement, and balls of the second set, in a second arrangement. Each ball of each set has an optical anisotropy and an anisotropy for providing an electrical dipole moment, the electrical dipole moment rendering the ball electrically responsive such that when the ball is rotatably disposed in an electric field while the electrical dipole moment of the ball is provided, the ball tends to rotate to an orientation in which the electrical dipole moment aligns with the field. With the balls thus deposited, additional, liquid elastomer material is poured over the balls adhering to the receiving surface, thereby covering the balls and forming an uncured substrate material in which the balls are disposed. This uncured substrate material is cured to form a substrate in which balls of the first and second sets are disposed. A plasticizer fluid can be applied to the substrate thus formed, thereby expanding the substrate so as to render the balls disposed in the substrate rotatable within the substrate.

Fabrication of a twisting ball display having two or more different kinds of balls

A zoomorphic computer for controlling a computer system includes an animal or humanoid shaped shell having an attached transceiver for two way communication with a computer system. A position detecting unit determines position of the zoomorphic shell relative to the computer system, with change of position of the zoomorphic shell relative to the computer system changing state the zoomorphic shell or the computer system. The zoomorphic shell can have movable elements such as arms or tails, attached to the zoomorphic shell, and support a feedback unit that communicates with the computer system, modifying position of a movable element in response to computer system output.

Zoomorphic computer user interface

Fabrication of a twisting ball display having two or more different

An information visualization system which uses dynamic queries in combination with movable viewing operation regions (VORs) for searching of two dimensional databases. Boolean and real-valued queries are made by overlapping viewing operation regions which include filters to search for specific data in the database. The viewing operation regions include interactive interfaces such as sliders and/or buttons to control the value of the filter function and define a composition operation generated by overlapping the VORs. The system provides a graphical display of database values and direct manipulation tools for exploring relationships between the database.

Method and apparatus for interactive database queries via movable

A method of operating a processor control machine, and a machine having a processor for producing human perceptible output related to an image display feature presented in an original image using the model data structure (the model) from which the original image was produced. In response to the display of an output producing region displayed coextensively with the first image segment including a display feature representing a data item in the model, a human perceptible output is produced using the data item. This is done at the same time as the first image is being displayed, giving the perception to a machine user of providing information related to the display feature in the first segment. The human perceptible output is a second image displayed by the output producing region, called a viewing operation region, or VOR. The VOR consists of one or more explicit input regions and one or more explicit output regions, spatially separated from the one or more input regions. The VOR, nevertheless, functions to bind or link the second view in the output region to the original image associated with the input region.

Method and apparatus for operating on the model data structure of an

A tristate light valve ball for an electrical twisting ball device composed of spheroidal balls rotatably disposed in an elastomer substrate. The ball is composed of segments arrayed substantially parallel to one another, each segment being adjacent to at least one other segment and to no more than two other segments. Adjacent segments are adjoined to one another at substantially planar interfaces. The segments include: a first, interior, nontransparent segment having a first optical modulation characteristic; a second exterior, transparent segment, adjacent to the first segment and having a second optical modulation characteristic; a third, interior, nontransparent segment having a third optical modulation characteristic; and a fourth, exterior, transparent segment adjacent to the third segment. For example, the ball can be made with a black first segment adjacent to a white third segment, surrounded on either side by clear second and fourth exterior segments. The ball has an anisotropy for providing an electrical dipole moment, the electrical dipole moment rendering the ball electrically responsive such that when the ball is rotatably disposed in a nonoscillating electric field while the electrical dipole moment of the ball is provided, the ball tends to rotate to an orientation in which the electrical dipole moment aligns with the field. Also disclosed are: a material made up of a substrate layer in which are disposed the aforementioned balls, with a colored backing joined to a rear surface of the layer; and a method for using a device incorporating the balls.

Additive color tristate light valve twisting ball display

A user-directed method for operating a processor-controlled machine permits a user to operate on an object-based model data structure from which a first image has been produced in order to produce a second image for display in the spatial context of the first image, and then to interact with objects in the displayed second image. The method is cooperates as cooperating with the functionality of an application program, such as a graphical object editor. The user requests the display of a viewing operation region (VOR) coextensively with a first image segment of the first displayed image. In response to the user's request signal, a viewing operation associated with the VOR operates on the object-based model data structure that produced the first image to produce an output model data structure from which is produced a second view, or image, of the portion of the first image coextensively positioned with the VOR, displaying the second view in the VOR. The second image includes an output object that represents data item in the output model that is mapped from and linked to a first object data item in the original object-based model. Then, the user is permitted to access the first object data item in the original model data by interacting directly with the output display object in the second image via the functionality of the application program that produced the first image. The method provides spatially defined access to information in a complex model in an intuitive and easy to use manner.

User-directed method for operating on an object-based model data

A technique for producing a second image for display in the context of an original image uses a model data structure, in contrast to an image-based data structure, and a model-based operation, called a viewing operation, in contrast to an image-based operation, to produce the second image. The second image is displayed in the spatial context of the original image, as that context is defined by a viewing operation region, or VOR, at the same time as the original image is being displayed, giving the perception to a machine user of providing information related to the original image in the spatial context of the original image. The VOR functions as a type of 'visual filter', binding the second view of the original image to the display area defined by the VOR. In one illustrated embodiment, the method operates within the environment of a rendering application executing in a graphical user interface environment. A machine user moves the VOR over a portion of a rendered image, and in response to the user's movement action, a viewing operation associated with the VOR invokes the renderer that produced the original rendered image to produce a second modified view of the original image using a new value for a global parameter in the scene description. The second image is then clipped to the size and shape of the VOR, and is then presented in the VOR, showing the second modified view.

User interface technique for producing a second image in the spatial

A user interface technique operates in the environment of a processor-controlled machine for executing a program that operates on a set of underlying data and displays a visible representation thereof. The system further provides a visual depiction of a set of tools. The tools include click-through tools that can be combined with other tools (including other click-through tools) to provide composite tools. A click-through tool includes a generally transparent delineated active area that is movable so that it can be placed over a desired portion of the visible representation. When the user interacts with the visible representation through the active area, the action takes on an attribute of the particular click-through tool. A click-through tool can be superimposed on another click-through tool, whereupon an action taken through the two click-through tools onto the visible representation takes on attributes of both tools.

User interface having click-through tools that can be composed with

A method for operating a processor-controlled machine, and a machine having a processor, operate on an object-based model data structure from which a first image has been produced in order to produce a second image for display in the spatial context of the first image. A viewing operation region (VOR) is displayed coextensively with a first image segment of the first image in the display area of the machine's display device. The first image segment includes a display object representing a model data item in the object-based model data structure. In response to the display of the VOR, a second image is produced using the model data item in the object-based model data structure. The second image is displayed in the VOR, in the spatial context of the first image, simultaneously with the display of the first image, replacing the first image segment in the display area. The method may operate cooperatively with a graphical object editor application executing in a graphical user interface environment. A machine user moves the VOR over a portion of a graphical object image, and in response to the user's movement action, a viewing operation associated with the VOR operates on the editable object-based model data structure that produced the graphical object image to produce a second modified view of the portion of the graphical object image coextensively positioned with the VOR, displaying the second modified view in the VOR.

Method and apparatus for operating on an object-based model data

A method is disclosed for operating a processor-controlled machine to produce a composite view of an original, or first, image by combining the functions of multiple viewing operations and using the model data structure from which the first image was produced (called the 'FIMDS'.) A first viewing operation region (1VOR) in a first viewing position in the display area of the display device has displayed in the 1VOR a second image produced according to a first viewing operation (VO1), associated with the 1VOR, that maps the FIMDS to image definition data defining the second image. Request signal data is received from a signal source to present a second viewing operation region (2VOR) in the display area coextensive with at least a portion of the 1VOR, forming a composite viewing operation region in the overlapping region. The 2VOR has a second viewing operation (VO2) associated with it for mapping an input model data structure, typically but not necessarily the FIMDS, to image definition data defining a second image for display in the 2VOR (2VOR-SI), providing an alternate view of the FIMDS that is different from that provided by the VO1 associated with the 1VOR. In response to the request signal data, a composite viewing operation, composed from the functions of the VO1 and the VO2, maps the FIMDS to image definition data defining a composite image for display in the composite viewing operation region substantially at the same time as the first image is being displayed in the display area. This gives the perception to the machine user of applying composed viewing operations to information presented in the original image.

Method and apparatus for producing a composite second image in the

A user-directed method for operating a processor-controlled machine allows a user to operate on an object-based model data structure from which a first image has been produced in order to apply any of a number of spatially and temporally bounded changes to the first image in a second image displayed in the spatial context of the first image. The method is implemented as an enhancement to the functionality of an application program, such as a graphical object editor. The user requests the display of a viewing operation region (VOR) coextensively with a first image segment of the first image in the display area of the machine's display device. In response to the user's request signal, a viewing operation associated with the VOR operates on a copy of the object-based model data structure that produced the image to produce a second modified view of the portion of the image coextensively positioned with the VOR, displaying the second, modified view in the VOR. Since the operation on the model data structure is made to a copy of the model only, it permits the previewing of changes to an image before actually applying the changes to the model using the application. Presenting the second, modified image only in the spatial context of the first image provides contextual feedback to the user. The method may thus provide spatially defined access to information in a complex model in an intuitive and easy to use manner.

Growing community of inventors

Los Altos, CA, United States of America

Maureen C Stone