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Marici Holdings the Netherlands B.v.

Matti T Jussila

Tero Viitanen

Tomi Riipinen

Kalyan P Gokhale

Douglas W Karraker

Jukka Nurmi

Mikko Myller

Jesse Kokkonen

Jussi Suortti

Mikko Paakkinen

Jarno Alahuhtala

Ville Koivula

Jukka Koskinen

Ilkka Turunen

Macerini Sauro

Kimmo Kohvakka

Ilkka T Pajari

Toivo K&auml;rn&auml;

Samuli Puhakka

Simo Mattila

Jarno Juhani Alahuhtala

A method for operating an inverter and an inverter configured to convert DC power supplied from a DC power source into AC power supplied to an AC network by applying maximum power point tracking, MPPT, such that a harmonic content of an AC current supplied from the inverter to the AC network is kept within a predetermined maximum level, wherein during the converting the inverter is configured to detect a need to increase the harmonic content of the AC current supplied from the inverter to the AC network beyond the predetermined maximum level, perform a check whether an increase of the harmonic content of the AC current beyond the predetermined maximum level is allowed, and, if an increase of the harmonic content of the AC current beyond the predetermined maximum level is allowed, raise the predetermined maximum level used in the converting.

Method for operating inverter and inverter

Photovoltaic apparatus comprising an auxiliary power supply arrangement which is adapted to feed an electric load of the photovoltaic apparatus itself and comprises: first electronic means connected with a DC power source and comprising a first electronic unit adapted to receive a first feeding voltage and provide a first output voltage of DC type; second electronic means connected with an AC power source and comprising a second electronic unit adapted to receive a second feeding voltage and provide a second output voltage of DC type; and third electronic means connected with the first and second electronic means and adapted to reversibly switch among different operation states based on the status of the electric power sources.

Photovoltaic apparatus

A switching branch for a three-level inverter, comprising a first and second switch (S, S) in series between a positive DC pole (P) and an AC pole (AC), a first and second diode (D, D) parallel to the first and second switches, a third and fourth switch (S, S) in series between a negative DC pole (N) and the AC pole, a third and fourth diode (D, D) parallel to the third and fourth switches, a fifth diode (D) between a neutral DC pole (M) and a point between the first and second switches, a sixth diode (D) between the neutral DC pole and a point between the third and fourth switches, a fifth switch (S) and a seventh diode (D) in series between the neutral DC and AC poles, and a sixth switch (S) and an eighth diode (D) in series between the neutral DC and AC poles.

Switching branch for three-level inverter and method for controlling switching branch of three-level inverter

Exemplary embodiments are directed to a method and switching arrangement for an inverter. The inverter including a positive direct current pole, a negative direct current pole, and a neutral direct current pole. The arrangement having a first controllable switch connected between the neutral direct current pole of the inverter and a virtual neutral point of an alternating current network supplied by the inverter; and/or a second controllable switch connected between the neutral direct current pole of the inverter and an earth potential of an alternating current network supplied by the inverter.

Switching arrangement for inverter, and inverter

An alternating current conversion method and system are disclosed that can adapt to varying voltages of the direct current sources. An exemplary system includes a first and second connection arrangements for the voltage sources such that the direct current can be supplied to the DC/AC converter selectively in the first connection arrangement or the second connection arrangement. The selection between the first and second connection arrangements is made on the basis of the voltage levels of the voltage sources such that a proper voltage is supplied to the DC/AC converter. The numbers of the voltage sources in the connection arrangements are selected such that the first and second connection arrangements have different numbers of the voltage sources connected in series, the voltage sources being also grouped in parallel groups.

AC conversion of varying voltage DC such as solar power

A system for the detection of welded contacts in a circuit of a line converter system has a plurality of inverter switches, a plurality of utility switches in which a pair of utility switches is connected in series through a line to a utility, a voltage detector, an electronic controller, and a DC input source. The line converter system converts incoming DC power into AC output power that is delivered to the utility grid. The voltage detector measures the voltage across a first node and a second node of the circuit and provides an output that is interpreted by an electronic controller for each step performed during a method of detection of welded contacts. The detection method has a sequence of test steps in which at least one switch is opened and/or closed, a DC bus of the inverter or the utility grid is used as a stimulus voltage, and the voltage is measured. If a voltage is not detected across the first and second nodes, the test sequence is continued until a welded contact is detected or the electronic controller determines that none of the contacts are welded. If the controller determines that none of the contacts are welded, the line converter system is permitted to connect and supply AC power to the utility.

Detection of welded switch contacts in a line converter system

A two-level or multi-level inverter are supplied with a positive auxiliary voltage (Ug+) and a negative auxiliary voltage (Ug&#x2212;). A bootstrap technique provides a first positive auxiliary voltage and a first negative auxiliary voltage from the supplied potentials. The bootstrap technique provides at least one additional negative auxiliary voltage to a switch driver of at least one semiconductor switch from the first negative auxiliary voltage. At the start up of an inverter, the inverter can perform a startup sequence to provide auxiliary voltages to the respective auxiliary voltage inputs of the switch drivers by turning the power semiconductors sequentially on and off.

Inverter

In a method for preparing polyaniline, aniline is polymerized in a reactor in a polymerization medium containing aniline and oxidant. The polymerization is performed in a reactor in which the ratio of the heat transfer surface to the reaction volume is at least 10/m, preferably at least 20/m. In the apparatus, the polymerization is performed in a tubular reactor by allowing a medium containing aniline and oxidant to flow in a mixed flow through the tubular reactor. The tubular reactor is equipped with static mixers, and there can be several tubular reactors in parallel.

Method and apparatus for preparing polyaniline

Growing community of inventors

Vantaa, Finland

Matti T Jussila