Harvard College

Leland Stanford Junior University

Matthew William Kanan

David R Liu

Zev J Gartner

Thomas Richard Veltman

Gilbert Chu

Chun J Tsai

Aanindeeta Banerjee

Mary M Rozenman

Daniel M Rosenbaum

Christopher T Calderone

Xiaoyu Li

Jeffrey B Doyon

Yihong Chen

Christina Li

Donald Stephen Ripatti

A method for depositing a catalyst layer onto a porous conductive substrate is provided. A catalyst ink is provided comprising catalyst particles suspended in a solvent. The catalyst ink is deposited onto a porous conductive substrate, wherein the solvent of the deposited catalyst ink is frozen. The frozen solvent is sublimated, leaving the catalyst layer.

Electrochemical cells and cathodes for the production of concentrated product streams from the reduction of CO and/or CO

A method for synthesizing a dicarboxylate containing an aromatic heterocycle is provided. A carboxylic acid containing a heterocycle is provided. A COsalt is provided to form a mixture, which converts the carboxylic acid containing an aromatic heterocycle to a carboxylate containing an aromatic heterocycle. COgas is provided to the mixture. The mixture is heated to a temperature to at least partially melt the carboxylate containing an aromatic heterocycle.

Carbonate-promoted carboxylation reactions for the synthesis of valuable organic compounds

A method for synthesizing furan-2,5-dicarboxylate (FDCA) is provided. Furan-2-carboxylic acid is provided. A COsalt is provided to form a mixture, which converts the furan-2-carboxylic acid to furan-2-carboxylate. COgas is provided to a mixture of the furan-2-caboxylic acid and COsalt. The mixture is heated to a temperature to at least partially melt the furan-2-caboxylate.

A method for measuring ammonia in a blood sample may involve positioning the blood sample in proximity with an ammonia gas sensor, generating a current with the ammonia gas sensor in response to ammonia gas released from the blood sample, and measuring the current generated by the ammonia gas sensor, using a current measurement member coupled with the ammonia gas sensor. A device for measuring an ammonia level in a blood sample may include a blood sample containment member, an ammonia gas sensor coupled with the blood sample containment member, and a current measurement member coupled with the ammonia gas sensor. The method and device may be used to measure an ammonia level in a blood sample as small as one drop of blood, or approximately 0.05 mL of blood.

Rapid small volume detection of blood ammonia

A method for electrochemically reducing COis provided. A cathode is provided, wherein the cathode comprises a conductive substrate with a catalyst of a metal and a metal oxide based coating on a side of the cathode. An anode is spaced apart from the cathode. An ionic transport is provided between the anode and cathode. The cathode is exposed to COand HO. The anode is exposed to HO. A voltage is provided between the cathode and anode.

Catalysts for low temperature electrolytic CO2 reduction

A novel reaction discovery system that does not depend on DNA duplex formation is provided. The advantages of this system include exploring reactions conditions not possible where DNA hybridization is required. For example, the inventive reaction discovery system allows for reaction conditions using organic solvents, higher temperatures, and water-insoluble reagents, catalysts, and ligands. The invention also provides single-stranded oligonucleotide templates with substrate pairs covalently attached and methods of screening for reaction conditions that result in a direct covalent bond between the substrates. Kits are also provided for practicing this novel reaction discovery system.

Reaction discovery system

Nature evolves biological molecules such as proteins through iterated rounds of diversification, selection, and amplification. The power of Nature and the flexibility of organic synthesis are combined in nucleic acid-templated synthesis. The present invention provides a variety of template architectures for performing nucleic acid-templated synthesis, methods for increasing the selectivity of nucleic acid-templated reactions, methods for performing stereoselective nucleic acid-templated reactions, methods of selecting for reaction products resulting from nucleic acid-templated synthesis, and methods of identifying new chemical reactions based on nucleic acid-templated synthesis.

Evolving new molecular function

Nature evolves biological molecules such as proteins through iterated rounds of diversification, selection, and amplification. The present invention provides methods, compositions, and systems for synthesizing, selecting, amplifying, and evolving non-natural molecules based on nucleic acid templates. The sequence of a nucleic acid template is used to direct the synthesis of non-natural molecules such as unnatural polymers and small molecules. Using this method combinatorial libraries of these molecules can be prepared and screened. Upon selection of a molecule, its encoding nucleic acid template may be amplified and/or evolved to yield the same molecule or related molecules for re-screening. The inventive methods and compositions of the present invention allow for the amplification and evolution of non-natural molecules in a manner analogous to the amplification of natural biopolymer such as polynucleotides and protein.

A novel palladium-mediated carbon-carbon bond forming reaction has been discovered using DNA-templated chemistry. The inventive reaction involves the palladium-mediated coupling of a terminal alkyne with an alkene to form an enone. A catalytic amount of palladium may be used in the reaction if an oxidant is present. The reactions is also compatible with a variety of organic solvent as well as aqueous solution. Both intermolecular and intramolecular reactions have been demonstrated. This novel carbon-carbon bond forming reaction is particularly useful in the synthesis of macrocycles. Kits, reagents, catalysts, solvents, oxidants, salts, acids, instructions, and other materials useful in the practice of the inventive reaction are also provided.

Growing community of inventors

Palo Alto, CA, United States of America

Matthew William Kanan