International Business Machines Corporation

Matthew A Pantland

Tom Odd Rojahn

Freddy Lorge

Aruna Yedavilli

Patrick Haim

An approach for building an ontology is provided. Syntactically transformed complex triples whose core terms are identified are semantically transformed into simplified triples referring to new conceptualized core terms formed by user selections from a lexical database or by adding a suffix to core terms. The core terms are assigned to respective definitions and keys in a reference ontology, thereby retaining the semantics of the complex triples. Based on the reference ontology, an enrichment transformation of the simplified triples is performed to create simplified and enriched triples by adding relations derived from a correspondence each term in the simplified triples has with the reference ontology and by adding representations of semantics of reference ontology definitions of the terms. The simplified and enriched triples are stored as an ontology representing knowledge in an application providing free-form text from which the complex triples were extracted.

Building an ontology by transforming complex triples

An approach for building an ontology is provided. Syntactically transformed complex triples whose core terms are identified are semantically transformed into simplified triples referring to new conceptualized core terms formed by user selections from a lexical database or by adding a suffix to core terms. The core terms are assigned to respective definitions and keys in a reference ontology, thereby retaining the semantics of the complex triples. Based on the reference ontology, an enrichment transformation of the simplified triples is performed to create simplified and enriched triples by adding relations derived from a correspondence each term in the simplified triples has with the reference ontology and by adding representations of semantics of reference ontology definitions of the terms. The simplified and enriched triples are stored as an ontology representing knowledge in an application providing the free-form text from which the complex triples were extracted.

An approach is presented for determining a value of an association between first and second ontologies, Sand S. A first bridge of Swith Sis generated. A schema S' is created from sub-schema S extracted from the first bridge by removing common concepts and relationships to the common concepts, and for each common concept to which first and second concepts have immediate links in S, by creating a new immediate link in S&#x2032; between the first and second concepts. Based on an intrinsic value of S&#x2032; and a strength of the bridge of Swith S, a value of the first bridge is determined. Similarly, a value of a second bridge of Swith Sis determined. A value of the association between Sand Sis determined based on a sum of the values of the first and second bridges.

Determining the value of an association between ontologies

An approach for building an ontology is provided. Based on a grammar, extracted complex triples are syntactically transformed to identify core terms. The syntactically transformed complex triples are semantically transformed into simplified triples referring to new terms that conceptualize the core adjectives, adverbs and verbs, and assigning the core terms to respective definitions and keys in a reference ontology, thereby retaining the semantics of the complex triples. Based on a meta-schema of the reference ontology, an enrichment transformation of the simplified triples is performed to create simplified and enriched triples by adding relations derived from a correspondence each term in the simplified triples has with the reference ontology and by adding representations of semantics of reference ontology definitions of the terms. The simplified and enriched triples are stored as an ontology representing knowledge in an application providing the free-form text from which the complex triples were extracted.

An approach is presented for determining a value of a bridge of a first ontology schema (S1) with a second ontology schema (S2). A bridge of S1 with S2 is generated. A sub-schema S is extracted from the bridge of S1 with S2. A schema S' is created from S by removing common concepts and relationships to the common concepts, and for each common concept to which first and second concepts have immediate links in S, by creating a new immediate link in S&#x2032; between the first and second concepts. An intrinsic value of S&#x2032; and a strength of a bridge of S1 with S are determined. Based on the intrinsic value of S&#x2032; and the strength of the bridge of S1 with S, the value of the bridge of S1 with S2 is determined.

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Johannesburg, South Africa

Matthew A Pantland