Fujikura Limited

Canon Kabushiki Kaisha

International Business Machines Corporation

Doryokuro Kakunenryo Kaihatsu Jigyodan

The Fujikawa Cable Works, Ltd.

The Boeing Company

Masataka Mochizuki

Yuji Saito

Koichi Mashiko

Norihito Naito

Masuji Sakaya

Kouichi Mashiko

Ryuichi Okiai

Atsuya Takahashi

Kazuhiko Goto

Go Shindo

Takao Kawazu

Keitaro Nakata

Tsuneaki Motai

Thang Nguyen

Takayoshi Kihara

Kosuke Ikada

Masashi Hasegawa

Motoyuki Ono

Randeep Singh

Yoshihiro Nagaki

Hiroaki Agata

Hisashi Yamauchi

Katsuichi Abe

Fumitoshi Kiyooka

Akihiro Takamiya

Youji Kawahara

Thanhlong Phan

Eiji Takenaka

Massoud Kaviany

Thang Toan Nguyen

Katsuo Eguchi

Motoharu Yatsuhashi

Toru Oguma

Kazuo Watanabe

Akihiko Uchiyama

Akiyoshi Yokoi

Yuichi Yokoyama

Hiroshi Chihara

Michio Takaoka

Yasuhiro Iijima

Noriyuki Takada

Shotaro Yoshida

Shun Sato

Tetsuya Kobayashi

Kenta Shibukawa

Hitoshi Hasegawa

Mitsuru Kamei

Koichiro Masui

Tadashi Sano

Masakatsu Nagata

Steven E Hahn

Tsuneaki Moutai

Masahiro Matsuda

Gerald Cabusao

Takao Sakai

Shinichi Sugihara

Shinich Sugihara

Roj Tacomkang

Singh Randeep

Zhen Guo

Joseph Sherman Breit

When, in a state where a developer borne by a developer bearing member is sandwiched by an opposing portion of an image bearing member and the developer bearing member, C denotes capacitance between the image bearing member and the developer bearing member, &#x394;V denotes a development contrast, Q/S denotes a charge amount per unit area of the developer borne by the developer bearing member, and &#x394;v denotes a peripheral velocity ratio which is a ratio of a peripheral velocity of the developer bearing member to a peripheral velocity of the image bearing member, a first peripheral velocity ratio is set so that |Q/S&#xd7;&#x394;v|&#x2264;|C&#xd7;&#x394;V| is satisfied, and a second peripheral velocity ratio which is larger than the first peripheral velocity ratio is set so that |Q/S&#xd7;&#x394;v|&#x3e;|C&#xd7;&#x394;V| is satisfied.

Image forming apparatus controlling development contrast according to temperature, humidity and peripheral velocity ratio

An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a developer bearing member, a driving unit, a latent image forming unit that forms an electrostatic image having light area potential and a dark area potential, and an application unit that applies a developing bias. The driving unit drives the image bearing member and the developer bearing member in a first peripheral speed ratio and a second peripheral speed ratio larger than the first peripheral speed ratio. The image forming apparatus further includes an acquiring unit acquiring information related to a change in an electrostatic capacitance of the image bearing member and a determining unit determining a developing contrast according to the electrostatic capacitance. The determining unit determines the developing contrast based on the acquired information when the driving unit drives the image bearing member and the developer bearing member in the second peripheral speed ratio.

Image forming apparatus that sets peripheral velocity ratios

An image forming apparatus includes a main assembly, a first cartridge including an image bearing member, a second cartridge including a developing member, a developer supplying member provided in the second cartridge, and a controller for changing a polarity of a developer supply amount control bias which is a difference between the developing bias and the developer supplying bias depending on a print ratio based on an inputted image data. The controller changes the polarity of the developer supply amount control bias depending on at least one of a use history of the first cartridge and a use history of the second cartridge and on the print ratio.

Image forming apparatus

An image forming apparatus having a first mode and a second mode with respectively different rotational peripheral velocity ratios of a developer bearing member, stores a first lifetime threshold value of a developing apparatus corresponding to the first mode and a second lifetime threshold value of the developing apparatus corresponding to the second mode, updates a lifetime determination value of a developing apparatus on the basis of drive amount information when the developer bearing member operates in the first mode and second modes, performs a first determination related to a lifetime in the first mode on the basis of the first lifetime threshold value and the lifetime determination value, performs a second determination related to a lifetime in the second mode on the basis of the second lifetime threshold value and the lifetime determination value, and makes a notification on the basis of determination results.

Determining lifetime of a developing apparatus in an image forming apparatus

An image forming apparatus includes a motor configured to rotationally drive an image bearing roller and a developer bearing roller at a first peripheral velocity ratio and a second peripheral velocity ratio which is larger than the first peripheral velocity ratio. A development contrast formed between a developing bias to the developer bearing roller and a light-part potential formed on the image bearing roller in a case where a development operation is performed at the second peripheral velocity ratio is larger than a development contrast formed between the developing bias to the developer bearing roller and the light-part potential formed on the image bearing roller in a case where the development operation is performed at the first peripheral velocity ratio.

Image forming apparatus having first and second peripheral velocity ratios

In a state where a developer borne by a developer bearing member is sandwiched by an opposing portion of an image bearing member and the developer bearing member, C denotes capacitance between the image bearing member and the developer bearing member, &#x394;V denotes a development contrast, Q/S denotes a charge amount per unit area of the developer borne by the developer bearing member, and Av denotes a peripheral velocity ratio, which is a ratio of a peripheral velocity of the developer bearing member to a peripheral velocity of the image bearing member. A first peripheral velocity ratio is set so that |Q/S&#xd7;&#x394;v|&#x2264;|C&#xd7;&#x394;V| is satisfied, and a second peripheral velocity ratio which is larger than the first peripheral velocity ratio is set so that |Q/S&#xd7;&#x394;v|&#x3e;|C&#xd7;&#x394;V| is satisfied.

An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member on which an electrostatic latent image is formable, and a developing device including a developer carrying member, a container, and a supply roller. When the developing device including the developer carrying member, to which a lubricant different from the developer is applied, is used for the first time, a first initial operation of transferring the lubricant from the developer carrying member to the image bearing member together with the developer is performed. The image forming apparatus further includes a storage unit configured to store a suspension state when suspension is detected before the initial operation completes, and a controller configured to execute a second initial operation as an operation of resuming the suspended first initial operation on the basis of the stored suspension state.

A vapor chamber having improved heat transfer capacity by efficiently returning the working fluid to the evaporating portion is provided. A hollow flat containeris formed by a base memberand a lidclosing an opening of the base member. Phase-changeable working fluid is held in the container, and finsare arranged in the container to transmit heat of a heat generating object between the bottom plate of the base member and the lid. The fins are densely juxtaposed on an evaporating portion in comparison with the other fins juxtaposed on the outside of the evaporating portion.

Vapor chamber

An image forming apparatus includes: an image bearing member; a developer carrying member configured to contact with the image bearing member and to be separated from the image bearing member; a control unit for controlling the image bearing member and the developer carrying member; and a contact member disposed in contact with the image bearing member. The control unit is configured to sequentially execute: (1) rotating the image bearing member at a first speed in a separated state; (2) switching the image bearing member and the developer carrying member from the separated state to a contact state in a state in which the image bearing member rotates at the first speed; and (3) rotating the image bearing member by decreasing a rotation speed of the image bearing member from the first speed to a second speed smaller than the first speed in the contact state.

Image forming apparatus including developer carrying member

A vehicular headlamp includes a light source on which a light emitting diode is mounted on a substrate, a heat spreading plate attached to the substrate so as to be capable of transferring heat, a holding member integrated with the heat spreading plate, a heat pipe comprising a first end portion and a second end portion, each of which having a circular cross-section, the first end portion being rotatably engaged with the holding member, and a heat sink connected to the second end portion.

Vehicular headlamp

At least one partial measurement region is set in the longitudinal direction in a printable region of a photosensitive drum. After the photosensitive drum has been charged to a constant potential with a charging roller, different potentials are set in the partial measurement region and a region excluding the partial measurement region with a laser scanner, partial discharge information of the partial measurement region is detected by a discharge information detection unit, and a bias voltage in image formation that is applied to the charging roller is corrected on the basis of the value of the partial discharge information.

Process cartridge, image forming apparatus, image forming method

Changing of a peripheral speed ratio, resulting in change of the developer amount per unit area, enables the detection unit to detect the developer amount with sufficient accuracy.

Electrophotographic or electrostatic recording type image forming apparatus

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Tokyo, Japan

Masataka Mochizuki