Hitachi, Ltd.

Other

Hitachi Maxell, Limited

Hitachi Automotive Engineering Co., Ltd.

Hitachi Car Engineering Co., Ltd.

Masaru Ito

Takehiko Kowatari

Seiichi Murayama

Yukio Takahashi

Kunihiko Takao

Norikazu Matsuzaki

Yuzo Kadomukai

Toshifumi Usui

Isao Hayase

Tatsuyuki Yamamoto

Yasuo Saito

Shigeru Tokumoto

Manabu Yamamoto

Shinya Imura

Takashi Yokoyama

Kenji Tojo

Seiji Yonezawa

Toshio Sudo

Takeshi Maeda

Atsushi Saito

Kazuo Shigematsu

Hidekazu Moriki

Yoshito Tsunoda

Masahiro Ojima

Toshiaki Tsuyoshi

Masatoshi Ohtake

Hisaya Shimizu

Kenichi Kawashima

Harushige Nakagaki

Makoto Yasuda

Atsushi Suginuma

Kazuo Ichino

Keizo Kato

Kounosuke Oishi

Shin Fujiwara

Kohei Itoh

Kunifusa Kayama

Yasushi Muramoto

Harukazu Miyamoto

Ryo Suzuki

Hitoshi Watanabe

Shigeru Nakamura

Hisataka Sugiyama

Satoru Kaneko

Toshimitsu Kaku

Norio Ohta

Atsushi Yokoyama

Tsuneo Terasawa

Keiji Kataoka

Hiroshi Ide

Shinji Okazaki

Shinkichi Horigome

Shinichi Fujino

Masao Mizukami

Shinya Hashimoto

Yoshinori Fukasaku

Atsuo Kishi

Hajime Fukke

Kosaku Sayo

Kenta Katsuhama

Toshikazu Ito

Akira Tezuka

Toshiaki Taii

Yuuichirou Takamune

Hideo Usui

Kenji Emi

Masumi Fujita

Kiyosi Yamamoto

Masahiro Moritaka

Masahiro Hiruta

Klaus Kinstatter

Makoto Watanabe

Kounosuke Ohishi

A braking controller is equipped to provide braking force distribution of the required total braking force, to distribute the required total braking force by regeneration distribution. The regeneration distribution is required to be within a rear-wheel dominant range, in which the distribution ratio is inclined toward the rear-wheels when compared with an ideal distribution line that provides distribution enabling the front and rear wheels to simultaneously lock, as well as within a range that is not greater than a rear-wheel locking limit enabling the rear wheels to lock in relation to a road-surface friction coefficient upon braking. A rear-wheel braking force change ratio, which is a change ratio of the rear-wheel braking force with regard to a change of the front-wheel braking force associated with the change of the required total braking force, is required to always be positive.

Braking controller

A vehicle can ensure an engine torque the driver desires even though the load torque of a generator with respect to the engine varies, and in particular can restrain occurrence of such a risk that an engine stall occurs when a load to the engine is large upon, for example, engagement of a clutch. A controller predicts a load torque of the generator with respect to the engine in future several hundred milliseconds at maximum from the present time, in view of a magnetic field voltage and a speed of the generator at the present time, and controls the engine in accordance with the predicted load torque in order to prevent the output torque of the engine from being insufficient.

Vehicle, generator control apparatus in vehicle, and vehicle drive unit

In a four-wheel drive vehicle, front wheelsL andR are driven by an engine, and rear wheelsL andR are driven by an electric motor. A high-power alternatoris driven by the engine, and electric power generated from the alternatordrives the motor. In addition to controlling the power generation of the high-power alternatorand the driving of the motor, a 4WD CUestimates an induced voltage E of the motorfrom a voltage MHV of the motor and from an output current Ia of the high-power alternator, and estimates a rotating speed Nm of the motor from estimation results on the induced voltage E.

Vehicle driving system

In a control apparatus for a vehicle having an electric motor for driving the wheels of the vehicle, an electric power source for energizing the electric motor, a motor torque target value calculation unit for controlling the electric power source, and a field current target value calculation unit, the motor field current is momentarily decreased when the difference between the actual motor armature current and the motor armature current target value exceeds a predetermined value or when the wheels are deemed to slip, and the motor field current is increased as the actual armature current of the motor substantially follows the motor armature current target value.

Control apparatus for vehicle

An electric four-wheel drive vehicle and a control unit for the same, which can be applied to cars of class having larger displacements than the class to which the electric four-wheel drive vehicle equipped with the DC motor is applied, without increasing the cost over that of the known mechanical four-wheel drive vehicle. Front wheels of the vehicle are driven by an engine, and rear wheels are driven by an AC motor. A generator is driven by a rotating force of the engine to output DC power. An inverter converts the DC power outputted from the generator to AC power. A control unit controls the generator such that energy Pm required for driving the AC motor is outputted from the generator.

Electric four-wheel drive vehicle and control unit for same

A vehicle drive unit, for quickly recovering a grip even if a wheel slips, in which in a slip state or at a time when the slip state is going to be generated, by pulsating a torque applied to the wheel, an angular velocity W of the wheel is changed so as to change the slip ratio S close to a slip ratio at which a friction coefficient becomes maximum, and thus, an average of a friction coefficient &#x3bc; is enlarged and an average of a vehicle driving force F generated by a wheel is enlarged. Since the vehicle driving force is enlarged, the vehicle is accelerated and is easily gripped. Further, in a grip state or at a time of traveling at a high velocity, a vibration and an undesired sound are suppressed by doing away with the torque pulsation or making the fluctuation band of the torque pulsation small.

Vehicle drive unit

In a hybrid car, or an electric motor-driven four-wheel-drive vehicle, in which an electric motor is driven directly by an output from a generator, vehicle running performance is enhanced. The output from the generator is controlled so as to maintain a generator torque in a range, in which the vehicle does not stall. Specifically, a driving apparatus for the hybrid car includes a second generatordriven by an enginefor driving one pair of either front or rear wheels, an electric motordriven through directly receiving the output from the second generatorand driving the other pair of either the front or rear wheels, and a four-wheel-drive control unitcontrolling driving of the second generatorand the electric motor. When the engineis in an overloaded condition, the four-wheel-drive control unitlimits the output of the second generator

Hybrid car and control apparatus therefor, and hybrid four-wheel-drive car and control apparatus therefor

A motor control apparatus for a hybrid car is capable of reducing a spin of the wheel driven by the motor. The hybrid car comprises an engine driven wheel driven by an engine and a motor driven wheel to be driven by a motor for driving the wheel not driven by the engine. The hybrid car has an engine, a front wheeldriven by the engine, a generatorconnected to this engine and driven thereby, an electric motorfor driving the rear wheelusing power provided by the generator without being driven by the engine, and a controllermounted on the car to control the output of this electric motor. The controllercontrols the field currents of the electric motor and generator in such a way that the driving torque of the motor driven wheel to be driven by the electric motor is smaller than the driving torque of the engine driven wheel to be driven by the engine, thereby ensuring traction and car stability.

Hybrid car control apparatus

The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device which can enlarge an effective display region without lowering a light quantity and can reduce a thickness and a weight thereof. A thin-film spacers having resiliency is arranged in the inside of a metal frame for holding a liquid crystal display panel. The spacer includes protrusions and a liquid crystal display panel is fixed by utilizing the resiliency of the protrusions. Further, by using resin material having high reflectance as a material of the spacer, it is possible to suppress the leaking of light from a light guide plate so that the lowering of luminance of the liquid crystal display device can be obviated.

Liquid crystal display device

An electrically-controlled throttle valve apparatus includes a motor, a speed reducing mechanism for reducing rotation speed transmitted from the motor, a throttle valve connected to the speed reducing mechanism, and a force applying device applying force to the throttle valve in the direction of returning the valve to its initial position and adjusting the opening of the throttle valve by driving the motor. Parameters of the motor, the speed reducing mechanism, and the force applying device have values such that the operation time t from the minimum to the maximum throttle valve opening, which is determined by an evaluation equation obtained from equations of throttle valve motion, is less than a prescribed target throttle valve operation time t*. Furthermore, resistance and an induction voltage constant of the motor are determined to satisfy a constraint equation obtained based on Ohm's law.

Electric-control-type throttle apparatus

In an electric throttle-control apparatus for controlling an open position of a throttle valve connected to reduction gears to reduce rotational speed of the motor , by driving a motor which includes a commutator with a plurality of slots , and brushes and &prime;, the number of the slots in the commutator and the arrangement of brushes on the slots are set such that even and odd number slot states appear alternately in an electrical equivalent-circuit of a wire-connection among slots including the brushes while the motor rotates. Further, if the number of the slots is the odd number , or , the brushes and &prime; are arranged in a 180&deg; opposed placement, and if the number of the slots is the even number or , the brushes and &prime; are arranged in a non-opposed placement shifted from a 180&deg; opposed placement.

Electric throttle-control apparatus and motor used for the apparatus

An electrically-controlled throttle valve apparatus includes a motor, a speed reducing mechanism for reducing the rotation speed that is transmitted from the motor, a throttle valve connected to the speed reducing mechanism, and a force applying arrangement for applying force to the throttle valve in the direction of returning the valve to its initial position and for adjusting the opening of the throttle valve by driving the motor. Specification parameters of the motor, the speed reducing mechanism, and the force applying arrangement have values such that the operation time t from the minimum opening to the maximum opening of the throttle valve, which is determined by an evaluation equation obtained from equations of motion of the throttle valve, is less than a prescribed target operation time t* of the throttle valve. Furthermore, the resistance and the induction voltage constant of the motor are determined so as to satisfy a constraint equation obtained based on Ohm's law.

An optical disk master having a diffraction structure including guide grooves and small pre-pits of a width narrower than a diffraction limit determined by a wavelength of light used is produced by preparing a photoresist layer subjected to anti-dissolution surface treatment, narrowing the spot diameter of a zero-th diffracted beam irradiated on the photoresist layer by a super resolution optics device, and effecting high contrast development to leave behind, as it is, a portion of the photoresist layer exposed to adverse higher order diffracted beams caused by super resolution. An optical disk produced from the master has a diffraction structure including tracks and/or pre-pits formed along a spiral track or concentric tracks and having a width narrower than a diffraction limit determined by a wavelength of light used in the course of formation of the diffraction structure.

Method of making optical disk master and an optical disk

Growing community of inventors

Hitachinaka, Japan

Masaru Ito