Sumitomo Metal Industries, Inc.

Shimizu Construction Co., Ltd.

Masahiro Kato

Hiroshi Nittaya

Masahiro Kohno

Toshiyuki Matsumoto

Hideo Shimizu

Kiyoshi Ikura

Fumio Ohtake

Toshio Uno

Yoshitaka Yabe

Toshihiko Hirama

Takehiko Terada

Shinji Mase

Hirofumi Inada

Tomomi Kanemitsu

A rank order filter is disclosed in which the maximum value, the minimum value and the median value are determined in a 3.times.3 local area having three sample values in each of column and row. The three sample values in the 3.times.3 local area are rearranged in descending order of magnitude by column, and the maximum values or the minimum values in each column are compared with each other thereby to determine the maximum value or the minimum value in the 3.times.3 local area. Also, after comparing the median values with each other in each column, the maximum value in the column having the minimum median value, the minimum value in the column having the maximum median value and the median value in the column having the median median value are compared with each other. The result of comparison is used to determine the median value in the 3.times.3 local area.

Rank order filter

A gate electrode of a P-channel MOS transistor and a gate electrode of an N-channel MOS transistor which constitute a logic section, a gate electrode of an N-channel MOS transistor and a capacitor electrode which constitute a memory cell section are formed by patterning a first layer of polysilicon, so that the semiconductor device can be manufactured in a considerably simplified process as an SRAM, while taking advantage of the large capacity of a DRAM thereby to improve the yield.

Semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof

The present invention provides an earthquake resistant multi-story building which is characterized by having an energy concentration story. The energy concentration story has an elasto-plastic force-displacement relationship regarding horizontal force and displacement. The force-displacement relationship is characterized in that: (a) stiffness in elastic range (F.sub.y /d.sub.y) is generally equal to an optimal stiffness of the same story according to an elastic design concept; (b) the yield strength F.sub.y is generally less than 80% of an optimum yield strength; (c) stiffness in plastic range is positive and generally less than about a half of the stiffness in the elastic range; and (d) ultimate displacement is generally at least twice as large as the yield displacement. The energy concentration story is capable of entering into the plastic range while other stories are in the elastic range, and absorbing vibration energy by plastic deformations thereof so as to decrease deformations of other stories when a large external force is exerted to the building.

Earthquake resistant multi-story building

Growing community of inventors

Kobe, Japan

Masahiro Kato