Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.

Masahiro Andoh

Shota Oba

Yoshifumi Ozaki

Akihiko Noda

Makoto Hirota

Hirokazu Hamano

Kazuaki Iikura

Kazuya Hongo

Shigeru Inaba

Yosuke Ninomiya

Takafumi Wakai

Takashi Yamamuro

Yasuyuki Tsutsumi

Masaru Sakuma

Shinji Mitsui

Munenobu Okubo

Hisashi Murase

A cylindrical member used in an electrophotographic photoconductor, the cylindrical member includes an impact-pressed cylindrical body containing aluminum and a long-chain fatty acid ester based lubricant that is present on the outer surface of the impact-pressed cylindrical body in an amount of approximately not more than 5.0&#xd7;10mg/cm.

Cylindrical member used in electrophotographic photoconductor, electrophotographic photoconductor, image forming apparatus, process cartridge, and method for producing cylindrical member used in electrophotographic photoconductor

A developing device including a toner holding member that faces but is not in contact with an image carrier carrying a latent image and that rotates while holding a nonmagnetic toner, a charging member that charges the toner, and a developing electric field forming unit that forms a developing electric field at least including a direct current component to cause the charged toner to fly and adhere to the latent image to develop the latent image. When the developing electric field is applied such that the toner is caused to fly toward the image carrier by the direct current component of the developing electric field, maintaining a non-electrostatic adhesion of the toner to the toner holding member to be about 2 nN or more under a low-temperature low-humidity environment of a temperature of 10&#xb0; C. and a relative humidity of 15%. The toner holding member's surface has a specific surface roughness specified by a specific oil retention volume.

Image forming apparatus including developing device using toner holding member with specific surface roughness

A developing device includes a housing that stores developer; a developing roll that is rotatably supported in the housing and has a developing region with a roughened surface that supplies developer to an image region of an image holding member; a step portion that is formed at both sides of the developing region of the developing roll and whose diameter is smaller than that of the developing region; and a seal member that contacts a region of the step portion that is opposite to the image holding member.

Developing device

The present invention provides a developer holding member having a surface layer composed of metal on or above a roughened hollow cylindrical substrate, wherein the specular gloss at 60&#xb0;, Gs (60&#xb0;), of the surface layer is in the range of approximately 10 to 40 gloss units, a developing apparatus and image-forming apparatus having the developer holding member, and a method of producing the developer holding member.

Developer holding member, method of producing a developer holding member, developing apparatus and image-forming apparatus

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Kanagawa, Japan

Masahiro Andoh