Seiko Instruments Inc

Seiko Instruments & Electronics Ltd.

Teikoku Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.

Yokogawa Electric Corporation

Kabushiki Kaisha Daini Seikosha

Yokogawa Hokushin Electric Corp.

Masaaki Taguchi

Takamasa Harada

Hitoshi Suenaga

Sadashi Shimoda

Kokichi Ito

Hiroshi Suzuki

Yoshikazu Kojima

Hiroaki Takasu

Masaaki Kamiya

Tsuneo Yamazaki

Satoru Yabe

Ryuichi Takano

Hiroshi Tamura

Fumio Watanabe

Koji Iwasa

Minoru Murayama

Kazumasa Ohba

Tatsuhiko Takahashi

Tateo Suga

Tokio Suzuki

Koukichi Ito

Hiroshi Nonoguchi

A liquid crystal display device utilizing a ferroelectric liquid crystal, e.g., a chiral smectic liquid crystal aligned to establish two bi-stable display states. The display device is driven in a time-sharing mode. The change of the bi-stable display states is effected by applying a selected voltage to the changed ferro-electric liquid crystal. Thereafter the display state is held by applying an A.C. pulse voltage.

Ferroelectric liquid crystal display device having an A.C. holding voltage

A light valve has a composite substrate comprised of an electrically insulating substrate and a semiconductor single crystal thin film formed over the electrically insulating substrate. A pixel array comprising semiconductor switch elements is formed in the semiconductor single crystal thin film. A peripheral circuit having circuit elements is formed in the semiconductor single crystal thin film so that a small-sized, high speed light valve is obtained. X- driver and Y-driver circuits are formed in the semiconductor single crystal thin film and controlled by a control circuit, such as a video signal processing circuit, which receives and processes video signals inputted directly from an external source. The peripheral circuit can be a DRAM sense amplifier for sensing charges stored in each pixel of the pixel array to detect defects in the pixel array. The peripheral circuit can be a photosensor circuit for detecting an intensity of incident light to monitor the performance of a light source of the light valve. The peripheral circuit can be a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of a liquid crystal layer of the light valve, and may be comprised of Darlington connected NPN transistors formed in the semiconductor single crystal thin film. The peripheral circuit can also be a solar cell for converting incident light into electrical energy to supply power to at least one of the pixel array, X-driver and Y-driver circuits and the peripheral circuit.

Light valve device

A process for forming a light valve device comprises forming a semiconductor single crystal film to form a composite substrate by polishing a semiconductor single crystal substrate after an electric insulating substrate has been bonded thereto; forming a group of pixel electrodes for defining a pixel region and a group of switch elements for selectively energizing the pixel electrodes by integrating a pixel array portion over the composite substrate; forming a liquid crystal aligning means for the pixel region; superposing an opposed substrate over the composite substrate with a gap therebetween; and filling the gap with liquid crystal material.

Light valve device making

A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is disclosed. The light-sensitive material comprises a support having thereon a silver halide emulsion layer and optionally a hydrophilic colloid layer, at least one of said emulsion layer and said hydrophilic colloid layer contains a water-soluble polymer which comprises repeating unit represented by formula 1 in an amount of 10 to 100 mol %, and a electric conductive layer being provided between the support and the silver halide emulsion layer and comprising a binder and fine particles of an electric conductive crystalline metal oxide of ZnO, Ti0.sub.2, SnO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, In.sub.2 O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, MgO, BaO, MoO.sub.3, V.sub.2 O5 or a mixture thereof, each of which has a volumetric resistivity of not higher than 10.sup.7 .OMEGA.m; ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a halogen atom or a --CH.sub.2 COOM.sup.1, in which M.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; L is --CONH--, --NHCO--, --COO--, --OCO--, --SO.sub.2 --, --HSO.sub.2 --, --SO.sub.2 NH-- or --O--; J is an alkylene group, an arylene group or an aralkylene group; Q is a hydrogen atom, --R.sup.3, ##STR2## in which M.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or a cation; R.sup.9 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group, a phenyl group, an aralkyl group; X is an anion; M is a hydrogen atom or a cation; p and q are each 0 or 1; and Y is a hydrogen atom or a --(L).sub.p --(J).sub.q --Q group. The light-sensitive material has a good antistatic property without fogging due to a ultra rapid processing.

Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material

A ferroelectric liquid crystal electro-optical device comprises a pair of plates having driving electrodes and ferroelectric liquid crystal material having a negative dielectric anisotropy. The ferroelectric liquid crystal material comprises a ferroelectric liquid crystal composition 10 to 80% by weight of a compound of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy group, or an alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl or acyloxy group each having an asymmetric carbon atom, and R.sub.2 represents a straight-chain alkyl group having an assymmetric carbon.

Ferro-electric liquid crystal electrol-optical device

A casing assembly for electronic equipment comprising a printed circuit board on which an exothermic electronic component is mounted, a casing for covering the printed board, and a base for attaching the casing to a wall body or a rail. The base is of a high heat conductive material and has a planar structure which results in a large contact area between it and the wall body or rail. A high heat conductive plate like cushioning member made of an electrically insulative material is interposed between the board and the base in contact therewith. The heat generated in the electronic component is released through the printed board and lead wires and through the cushioning member and the base to the wall body or rail. Preferably, where the casing is attached to the rail, a guide latch member and a pressure latch member are attached to the base. Where an auxiliary printed board is provided in addition to the printed board, the base, the printed board, the auxiliary frame and the auxiliary printed board are stacked in that order and covered with the casing. Where a programmer is attached to the casing, provision is made for attaching in either the horizontal or vertical direction. Where the functions of a basic module is insufficient, extended modules may be connected.

Casing assembly for electronic equipment

This invention relates to new optically active pyrimidinylphenyl ester compounds, having a liquid crystal phase of cholesteric and/or smectic C* phase, of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R* represents an optically-active alkyl group having an asymmetric carbon atom which is ##STR2## where R.sup.0 is a straight chain alkyl group of 2 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sup.1 is a straight chain alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is a straight chain alkyl group of 1 to 2 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 is a straight chain alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and n is 0 or 1, R presents a straight-chain alkyl group of 7 or 8 carbon atoms or a straight-chain alkoxy group of 7 or 8 carbon atoms and A represents ##STR3## or --O--.

Ferroelectric SmC liquid crystal composition which comprises

A ferro-electric crystal electro-optical device which uses switching between bi-stable states of ferro-electric liquid crystal molecules. A change from one of the stable states to the other is effected by applying a selected voltage having a combination of chopping pulse to which the liquid crystal molecules are not responsive and DC pulse to which the liquid crystal molecules are responsive.

Ferro-electric liquid crystal electro-optical device having a drive

A ferroelectric liquid crystal electro-optical device utilizes a liquid crystal layer composed of ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules. A first alignment layer is disposed in contact with the liquid crystal layer and has a uniaxial alignment characteristic effective to align the molecular axes of liquid crystal molecules immediately adjacent to the first alignment layer in a predetermined direction parallel to the liquid crystal layer. A second adjacent layer is opposed to the first alignment layer in contact with the liquid crystal layer. The second alignment layer has a random homogeneous alignment characteristic and a water repellency characteristic defined in terms of a water contact angle of more than 70.degree. jointly effective to align the molecular axes of liquid crystal molecules immediately adjacent to the second alignment layer in either of two orientation directions oppositely inclined relative to the predetermined direction in parallel to the liquid crystal layer. An electric field is applied to the liquid crystal molecules to switch the molecules between the two orientation directions to drive the electro-optical device.

Ferroelectric liquid crystal electro-optical device having high water

A ferroelectric liquid crystal electro-optical device driven in time-sharing comprising; a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer having bi-stable alignment characteristics, means for converting the bi-stable alignment state to optical ON state or optical OFF state, a matrix electrode and means for driving the liquid crystal layer by applying voltages to the liquid crystal layer through the matrix electrode. A voltage sufficient to change a stable alignment state of the ferro-electric liquid crystal molecular is applied to a selected pixel, a voltage insufficient to change a stable alignment state is applied to a non-selected pixel and an AC voltage for holding a stable alignment state is applied to a half-selected pixel. A bias value, which is the ratio of the amplitude of the voltage applied to the selected pixel to the amplitude of the AC voltage applied to the half-selected pixel, is set near the maximum value of B satisfying the following formula

Ferroelectric liquid crystal electro-optical device having half-select

Liquid crystal compound

A liquid crystal compound represented by the following general formula:

A ferro-electric liquid crystal electro-optical device, e.g., a display device or a shutter for a printer. The electro-optical device is driven in time-shearing. The device comprises a panel having a ferro-electric liquid crystal disposed between scanning electrodes and display electrodes, a drive portion for driving the panel and a control portion for controlling the drive portion. The panel can be driven by scanning only a part of the scanning electrodes for partially rewriting.

Ferro-electric liquid crystal electro-optical device

A ferro-electric liquid crystal electro-optical device comprising two plates having electrodes, and ferro-electric liquid crystals, for example, chiral smetic crystals, sandwiched between the plates. The inner surface of one of the two plates has a uni-axial alignment characteristic which aligns the liquid crystal molecules in its uni-axial direction. The inner surface of the other plate has a random homogeneous characteristic which aligns the molecules nearly parallel to the plates but does not let the molecules have any predetermined directional characteristic.

A liquid crystal composition comprising at least one optically active liquid crystal compound represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.2 stands for a linear alkyl group and R.sub.1 * stands for an alkoxy or acyloxy group having an asymmetric carbon atom, and at least one optically active liquid crystal compound represented by the following general formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 * stands for an alkyl group having an asymmetric carbon atom and R.sub.4 stands for a linear alkyl group.

Growing community of inventors

Tokyo, Japan

Masaaki Taguchi