Abb Research Ltd.

Abb Technology Ag

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American Superconductor Corporation

Martin Lakner

Jean-Claude Mauroux

Willi Paul

Daniel Chartouni

Jochen Kiefer

Thomas Schoenemann

Lukas Zehnder

Makan Chen

Marc Mollenkopf

Bruno Widmer

Gregory L Snitchler

Dietrich Bonmann

Leopold Ritzer

Marianne Pleines

Gilbert N Riley, Jr

Dietmar Gentsch

Alexander Otto

Swarn S Kalsi

Stephan Grob

Peter R Roberts

Craig J Christopherson

Lise Donzel

Nicola Gariboldi

Xiangyang Ye

Steven Fleshler

Jakob Rhyner

Guenter Steding

Tilo Buehler

Harry Zueger

Ralph P Mason

Friedrich Koenig

Reto Weder

Alexander Steffens

Peter Unternaehrer

Thomas Shoenemann

Michael Conry

Robert C Diehl

Severin Neubauer

Astrid Bauer

Gilber N Riley

Davis Just

A high-voltage isolator is disclosed which has a first electrical connecting piece and a second electrical connecting piece, between which an electrical isolating body extends. The end sections of the connecting pieces are connected to the isolating body, with a toroidal field control element being arranged on at least one of the end sections. A slot, which extends in the circumferential direction of the end section, is introduced on the end section which has the field control element. The field control element and the respectively associated end section are formed integrally. As a result of the slot, tension and compression forces which occur during longitudinal and lateral contractions of the isolating body and act at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the end section can be largely prevented, as can shear forces, while at the same time achieving a high level of uniformity in an area of the isolating gap, for electrical fields which occur during operation.

High-voltage isolator with field control element

A high-voltage insulator includes a metal armature, an insulating tube joined to the metal armature, which is adhesively bonded to the metal armature at an end formed as a supporting ring, and an axially symmetrical adhesive-bonding joint disposed around the axis of the insulating tube. An annular grove, which is formed in the metal armature, is disposed around the axis of the insulating tube and receives an end portion of the supporting ring. Sealing surfaces are respectively formed in the groove and in the supporting ring. The sealing surfaces are arranged and formed in such a way that, when the insulating tube and the metal armature are joined, they slide on one another, thereby forming a seal, and the supporting ring acting as a displacement body presses adhesive that has been introduced into the groove before the joining into the adhesive-bonding joint.

High-voltage insulator

An exemplary encapsulated high-voltage switch is disclosed which contains a heat-generating current conductor, a metal encapsulation surrounding the current conductor, and a cooling element. A cooler of the cooling element is fixed on a part of the encapsulation that is embodied as a mounting plate, and has cooling ribs arranged outside the encapsulation. In a section of the cooler that is embodied as a cooling block, at least a portion of the cooling ribs is arranged parallel to the mounting plate and is held on a heat distributor fixed to the mounting plate in such a way that on both sides of the heat distributor in each case one of two groups of cooling channels arises, in which the cooling channels are in each case arranged in the manner of a sandwich. The cooling channels can, for example, be oriented in a manner inclined relative to a horizontal axis of the switch.

High-voltage switch with cooling

The high-voltage system has at least one feed line and at least one high-power circuit breaker, the at least one feed line having a longitudinally extended feed line inner conductor and a feed line outer conductor surrounding the feed line inner conductor, and the high-power circuit breaker having a longitudinally extended circuit breaker inner conductor and a circuit breaker outer conductor surrounding the circuit breaker inner conductor in the form of a housing, and the inner conductors and the outer conductors being electrically conductively connected to one another. At least one heat pipe is provided for the purpose of dissipating thermal energy from the circuit breaker inner conductor. The heat pipe interacts with a cooling gas flow extending along the circuit breaker inner conductor.

High-voltage system and high-power circuit breaker with cooling

The installation contains a current conductor producing Joulean heat in the operating state, a cooling element and a monitoring device. The cooling element has a condensable working medium and an evaporator, which can be heated by the current conductor of the installation, and a condenser which has been withdrawn from the heating effect of the current conductor. The monitoring device comprises at least one sensor for detecting a parameter of the cooling element and an evaluation unit, which receives output signals from the sensor. In the evaluation unit, the output signals of the sensors are evaluated and a signal describing the state and/or the functionality of the cooling element is formed there. This installation is characterized by high operational reliability with a high current-carrying capacity and dimensions which are kept small.

Electrical installation with a cooling element and method for operating said installation

An exemplary isolating tube, and production method thereof, includes a mechanically load-bearing plastic tube composed of a fiber-reinforced polymer for use in a cooling element which can be loaded with high voltage, during whose operation the isolating tube forms an electrical isolation gap and in the tube interior carries an agent which flows as a liquid and/or vapor. The isolating tube can have a diffusion barrier which is held coaxially by the plastic tube. Such an isolating tube can be produced using an exemplary novel method for production.

Isolating tube for a cooling element which can be loaded with high voltage

The vacuum switching chamber has two contact pieces and is provided with at least one heat pipe for dissipating heat. The heat pipe contains a working medium for dissipating the heat by evaporating the working medium in a section, referred to as the evaporator, of the heat pipe and condensing the working medium in a section, referred to as the condenser, of the heat pipe. Advantageously, the evaporator is in close thermal contact with at least one contact piece, and, in particular, at least part of the evaporator is integrated in the first contact piece or the second contact piece. Advantageously, the condenser has a cooling rib arrangement.

Vacuum circuit breaker having a high current-carrying capacity

The invention relates to an improvement to the thermal load capacity of generator switches (). As is known, radiation plates () are used between generator switches () for different phases (R, Y, B) for convective dissipation of radiated heat from adjacent encapsulation side walls (). According to the invention, in the vicinity of the encapsulation cover () of a generator switch (), the radiation plate () has at least one angled metal sheet () which is used to guide at least one air flow element () of the rising air flow () in the direction of the encapsulation cover () and in order to direct the flow along the encapsulation cover (). Exemplary embodiments include: radiation plates () electrically and thermally isolated from the housing (); radiation plates () with horizontally deflecting air guidance structures () on the inner face (); angled metal sheet () whose inclination is matched to a flattened area () on the encapsulation cover (); angled metal sheet () directed at cooling elements () on the encapsulation cover (). Advantages include: generator switches () with improved heat emission, increased rated current carrying capacity, and/or a more compact configuration.

Encapsulated switching devices having heat emission elements

In order to dissipate heat losses from the inner conductor (), the circuit breaker () having an elongated inner conductor () and an outer conductor () which surrounds the inner conductor () like a housing has at least one heat pipe () which extends from the inner conductor () to the outer conductor () and has an insulating hollow body () in order to form an electrical insulating gap (). The heat pipe () advantageously has a flexibly deformable section (). The heat pipe () can run in a supporting insulator () which supports the inner conductor (). In addition to a working medium, the heat pipe () advantageously also contains an auxiliary gas which results in an enhanced dielectric strength at low temperatures.

High voltage circuit breaker with cooling

The high-power switch () according to the invention, with at least one switch pole () for guiding and switching an electric current which flows in one current flow direction when the switch is in the closed state, with the at least one switch pole () containing an inner conductor () which carries the current and containing an outer conductor () which is connected to ground potential (G) and carries a return current in the opposite direction to the current, with the outer conductor () being in the form of a housing () which surrounds the inner conductor (), is characterized in that a cooling rib arrangement () which contains cooling ribs () is arranged on the outer conductor (). At least some of the cooling ribs are advantageously arranged on a separate part of the housing (), which is not the same as the part () of the housing () which is at a minimum distance from the inner conductor (). The cooling rib arrangement () advantageously has cooling ribs both outside the housing () and inside the housing ().

High-power switchgear with cooling rib arrangement

The present invention relates to a resistive superconducting current limiter with a meandering shape. This current limiter avoids current density peaks at the turning points () or corners of the conductor track () in that the central path of the fault current when limiting occurs is artificially increased by appropriate design of the turning points. For this purpose, conductor material is removed in the region of the inner edge of the turning points (), or the electrical bypass is reinforced at its outer edge ().

Resistive superconducting current limiter

The present invention relates to a high-voltage insulation system which is suitable for low temperatures and which, in addition to a cooling liquid ( ) comprises a solid material insulator ( ) based on a cellulose fabric ( ). The solid material insulator ( ) is preferably used in the form of pressboards and is impregnated with a polymer resin ( ). It has a high partial discharge inception field of 77 K and, in addition, its thermal coefficient of expansion is optimally matched to that of ceramic high-temperature superconductors. The pressboards can be formed in the dry stage, in particular to produce coil formers, and are joined together alternately with cotton fabrics to form laminates of any desired thickness.

High-voltage insulation system

An elongated current limiting composite material comprising one or more high-temperature superconductor filaments and a second electrically conductive member, which may include a sheath of high bulk resistivity surrounding the filament. The current limiter exhibits dissipation in the range of 0.05-0.5 V/cm at currents of 3-10 times the operating current, thereby minimizing fault currents and improving recovery capability.

Current limiting composite material

A superconducting conductor and its method of manufacture includes an electrical conductor having a thermal conductor attached to and along a length of superconductor member and separated from the superconductor member by an electrically-insulative material. The member may include a length of superconductor composite having superconducting material and a non-superconducting, electrically conductive matrix material. The electrical conductor is configured to control the manner in which the superconductor transitions from its superconducting state to its non-superconducting (i.e., normal) state due to, for example, a fault current condition. The electrically-insulative material has a thickness for allowing heat from the superconductor to be conveyed to the thermal conductor. The superconducting conductor may be used in conjunction with a superconducting current-limiting device.

Superconducting conductors and their method of manufacture

In a superconducting current limiter , in the limiting state pressure waves which may damage the superconductor are produced as a result of the evaporation of cooling liquid. According to the invention, the current limiter is not immersed in a cooling liquid, but rather is brought into thermal contact with a cooling fluid which does not undergo a phase transition at over the operating temperature and therefore does not evaporate in the limiting state. A refrigeration reservoir , which may be the condensed phase of a gaseous cooling fluid or a cryogenic cooler, determines the operating temperature of the current limiter. One advantage is that it is now possible for a plurality of plate-like current-limiter modules &prime; of unlimited size to be arranged next to one another in the cooling fluid

Device used in superconductor technology

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Gebenstorf, Switzerland

Martin Lakner