Diamond Shamrock Chemicals Company

Diamond Shamrock Corporation

Martin J Schick

Edwin L Kelley

Kathy A Knitter

Stanley A Lipowski

John J Miskel, Jr

Process for treating a clayey geological formation to prevent, inhibit or reduce swelling or migrating of clay particles in a formation by treating the formation with an effective amount of a quaternized oligomer which is the reaction product of a polyamine having a primary amino group and a tertiary amino group with a difunctional reactant to form a precondensate monomer which is then chain extended and quaternized by reaction with a dihalogenated hydrocarbon ether. A preferred oligomer is a product of:

Stabilizing clayey formations

Aqueous carbonaceous slurries having reduced viscosity, a stabilized network of carbonaceous material in water and improved pumpability are obtained by having present as a dispersant an alkali or ammonium bis-alkyl sulfosuccinate. An example is the sodium salt of bis-2-ethylhexyl sulfosuccinate.

Anionic dispersants for aqueous slurries of carbonaceous materials

Slurries of carbonaceous material in oil, particularly coal, are stabilized with particular tertiary amines. An example is tallow amine first condensed with two moles of propylene oxide and then condensed with thirteen moles of ethylene oxide.

Stabilizers for oil slurries of carbonaceous material

Aqueous carbonaceous slurries having reduced viscosity, a stabilized network of carbonaceous material in water and improved pumpability are obtained by having present a salt of naphthalenesulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate and at least one water soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of sodium alginate, guar gum, locust bean gum, carboxymethylhydroxypropyl guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum and guarpak guar gum. For example, a mixture of 96.8% by weight of ammonium naphthalenesulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate and 3.2% by weight of sodium alginate can be added to an aqueous coal slurry in an amount of 0.31% by weight of the slurry.

Aqueous slurries of carbonaceous materials

Aqueous carbonaceous slurries having reduced viscosity, a stabilized network of coal in water and improved pumpability are obtained by having present a salt of naphthalenesulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate and at least one water soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of gum karaya, mixtures of gum karaya and polyacrylamide and polysaccaride modified with polyacrylate. For example, a mixture of 61.5% by weight of ammonium naphthalenesulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate and 38.5% by weight of gum karaya can be added to an aqueous coal slurry in an amount of 0.13% by weight of the slurry.

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New York, NY, United States of America

Martin J Schick