Lucent Technologies Inc.

Ciena Corporation

At+t Corp.

At&t Bell Laboratories

Alcatel-lucent USA Inc.

Martin C Nuss

Wayne Harvey Knox

Ashok V Krishnamoorthy

David A Miller

Joseph Earl Ford

Ted Kirk Woodward

Anthony L Lentine

Steven Arvo Surek

Jason Blain Stark

Daniel M Mittleman

Eddie Fung

Giorgio Giaretta

Luc Boivin

Keith Wayne Goossen

James Albert Walker

Jean-Luc Archambault

Ian A White

Herwig Werner Kogelnik

George T Harvey

Brandon C Collings

Igal M Brener

Robert D Feldman

Steven Eugene Golowich

Theodoor Charlouis Damen

Albert John Ritger

Peter Roland Smith

Michael S Heutmaker

Lawrence J Nociolo

Edward Eric Harstead

Paul Francis Kolesar

Larry Nociolo

Rune Hylsberg Jacobsen

Jon Peticolas

Steve Surek

Graham Smith

Systems and methods for extended reach low differential latency optical networking with optical amplifiers and dispersion compensation modules configured to minimize latency between transmit and receive paths are provided. Additionally, systems and methods are provided for incorporating absolute time references wherein the relative accuracy of clock time between various servers used in various multi-site enterprises is required. The transport systems and methods are used in conjunction with low differential latency systems. The transport systems and methods provide that the differential latency between transmit and receive directions is maintained within about +/&#x2212;5 microseconds of the transmit/receive path differential delay requirement in order to perform within the overall parameters of the low differential latency system architecture.

Telecommunications transport methods and systems for extended reach low differential latency

A network element for incorporating in nodes of a network that is a transparent, subwavelength networks. The element is configurable and adapted to support an arbitrary protocol, with protocol-specific monitoring features as well as protocol-independent add/drop capability. An arrangement that allows transmission of client signals with higher clock fidelity is achieved by developing a phases offset measure at an ingress node, communicating it to the egress node, and recovering the client's clock from the received data and from the received phase-offset information. The ability to recover the client's clock with high fidelity is enhanced by modified pointer processing in intermediate nodes of the network that the client's signal traverses. The pointer processing is modified to inject positive and negative justifications in excess of what is minimally necessary to insure proper transmission over a network that employs a protocol involving framing layer frames embedded in communication layer frames. Illustratively, the network protocol is an extended G.709 Digital Wrapper protocol, arranged to employ frames of 15240 columns by four rows.

Apparatus for implementing transparent subwavelength networks

A data packet transport arrangement includes a tag-based packet multiplexer and a tag-based packet demultiplexer, that utilizes an identification tag to identify packets to each of the N input channels so as to provide a logical transport channel for each of the N channels through the packet transport arrangement. The data transport arrangement thereby allows aggregating multiple communications channels into a higher bit rate link to increase bandwidth efficiency, without compromising the underlying channelized, guaranteed-bandwidth nature of the individual communication channels.

Packet transport arrangement for the transmission of multiplexed channelized packet signals

A module that includes both an 'add-in'/'drop-out' pair of ports and a &#x201c;drop-in&#x201d;/&#x201c;add-out&#x201d; pair of ports comprises an arrangement of elements that combines an optical signal having a chosen wavelength with an optical signal applied at the &#x201c;add-in&#x201d; port, and outputs the combined signal at the &#x201c;add-out port.&#x201d; Concurrently, the module extracts an optical signal with the same wavelength from an optical signal applied at the &#x201c;drop-in&#x201d; port signal, yielding an optical signal at the &#x201c;drop-out&#x201d; port that is missing that same wavelength. When the amount of information that needs to be sent from a first network node to a second, remote, node, is greater than that which a single wavelength can handle, a plurality of the above-described modules are interconnected within the first node by optically coupling the &#x201c;add&#x201d; ports in a &#x201c;daisy chain&#x201d; fashion and the &#x201c;drop&#x201d; ports in a &#x201c;daisy chain&#x201d; fashion, with each module operating at a different wavelength.

Stackable WDM arrangement

Both link-level and path-level performance monitoring is obtained in any point of a multi-link network where transmitting points in the network are adapted to transmit codes only from a subset of the codes that receiving points in the network are adapted to receive, with one of the codes that transmitting points are adapted to transmit being chosen to represent an error-reporting code, and substituting, at monitoring points, any received code that is not one of the codes in the subset with the error-reporting code. By measuring the number of received codes that are in error, a link-level error measure is obtained, and by measuring the number of error-reporting codes, a path-level measure is obtained.

Link and path-level error performance monitoring

A system for data transmission and communication receives a plurality of Gigabit Ethernet data packets from multiple Gigabit Ethernet links. The system bit multiplexes the data packets, on a bit by bit basis, together onto a fiber optic link. At the output of the fiber optic link, the bits are demultiplexed into data packets and transmitted onto multiple Gigabit Ethernet links. The high speed fiber optic link transmits the data at higher speed than is possible over each individual Gigabit Ethernet link.

Bit multiplexing of packet-based channels

A high-speed access data network in which upstream and downstream traffic is logically or physically separated. The network can use the Ethernet media access control (MAC) layer protocol over distances that are much larger than conventionally possible with the Ethernet MAC layer protocol. In a configuration including a central office and multiple subscribers, the central office is removed from the collision domain, which can be made relatively small, without limiting the distance between the central office and the subscribers. The downstream data rate is not limited by the size of the collision domain and can thus be made almost arbitrarily large. Furthermore, by allowing a smaller collision domain, greater upstream data rates can be used. It is thus possible to use ubiquitous and inexpensive Ethernet LAN technology in highly cost-sensitive applications such as residential broadband access.

Ethernet fiber access communications system

An optical local area network uses modified remote network interface cards (NICs) to provide an optical carrier signal for signaling use by a centralized optoelectronic switch unit. The NIC optical transceiver is modified so that instead of being normally &ldquo;off&rdquo; during the standby mode, the data signal is logically inverted to be &ldquo;on.&rdquo; Light from each NIC is used to provide optical power for a corresponding optical modulator on the switch unit.

Optical network using remote optical powering of optoelectronic switch

A method and apparatus for overcoming modal noise penalties associated with multi-mode fiber optic links operating at high data rates on the order of 10 Gb/s. The method involves restricting the center launch condition of optical signals into the multi-mode fiber while permitting loose tolerances between source and fiber.

High-speed multi mode fiber optic link

A statistically-multiplexed link for transporting aggregated data from multiple clients to a central server. A concentrator is used to separate packets containing valid data (live packets) from invalid (dead) packets. When combined with a conventional multiplexer, the concentrator circuit provides arbitration on a first-come first-served basis and allows a smaller multiplexer to service a larger number of inputs thereby enabling a more statistically efficient multiplexed link.

Priority-based statistical multiplexer-hub

A method of fabricating oxide-apertured vertical cavity surface emitting lasers involving the steps of: i) defining, during the fabrication of one or more VCSELs on an electronic chip, a number of mesa structures of different sizes; ii) selectively oxidizing the chip and mesa structures to produce an oxide-aperture for each structure; iii) inspecting the chip to determine which one of the mesas is desired or optimal; iv) choosing an appropriate metalization mask that serves to metalize and electrically connect only that desired mesa structure; and v) depositing, a dielectric top mirror on that electrically connected mesa. Advantageously, the method may be practiced using a variety of fabrication techniques and apparatus that are compatible with conventional devices. A distinguishing characteristic of our inventive method, is that only a desired or optimal mesa is completed while the remaining mesas on a particular chip remain unprocessed.

Method of fabricating oxide-aperture vertical cavity surface emitting

A high-capacity, chirped-pulse wavelength-division multiplexed communications apparatus and method in which a chirped-pulse, wavelength-division multiplexed signal is further optically multiplexed thereby enhancing bit rates per channel. A multifrequency optical source for supplying an optical signal having a number of wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) channels; a power splitter for splitting the optical signal from the multifrequency source into a number of signals; a number of time delay lines, for delaying each one of the signals independently; a number of data encoding modulators for modulating each one of the delayed signals; and a power combiner for combining the number of delayed, modulated signals into a single signal such that the multifrequency optical source signal is multiplexed by a desired amount.

High capacity chirped-pulse wavelength-division multiplexed

Low-noise, bidirectional communications in a fiber optic cable is achieved by coupling a first end of the cable to an optical power source having an inherently broad spectral width. A second end of the cable is coupled to an optical detector having a detector bandwidth, such that the bandwidth of the optical power source is greater than the detector bandwidth. When the bandwidth of the optical power source is large compared to the bandwidth of the detector, the beat frequencies resulting from coherent Rayleigh noise fall outside the bandwidth of the detector and are not detected.

Suppression of coherent rayleigh noise in bidirectional communication

A network for multi-bit word parallel communication between optoelectronic chips on a two dimensional array of optical input and output channels carried on a single dimension of optical fibers. Each bit of a word is carried on a different wavelength and the multiple wavelengths carrying a word are wavelength multiplexed onto a single optical fiber. Multiple fibers can be joined into a one dimensional array of fibers. A transceiver for transmitting and receiving along the optical data channels comprises an array of modulators powered by individual wavelength light beams, either from individual monochromatic light sources and a light beam from a single broadband light source made to pass through a diffraction grating. The modulators are positioned so that each modulator reflects a different wavelength light beam, thereby providing multiple optical channels. Alternatively, multiple wavelengths are generated from CMOS integrated light sources. These multiple optical channels are then collimated and guided into one single mode fiber or multiple multimode fibers at its transmitting end. At the receiving end a diffraction grating is used to separate the distinct data channels by their individual wavelengths. The multiple wavelengths are then caused to fall on an array of optical detectors spaced according to the individual wavelengths to be detected. By constructing a one dimensional array of these fibers, a two dimensional array of optical data channels is realized. The size of the array is determined by the number of fibers and the number of distinct wavelengths combined in each fiber.

Fiber optic network using space and wavelength multiplexed data channel

Providing a compositional image of an object in real time is accomplished by illuminating the object with a waveform comprising pulses of electromagnetic radiation in the terahertz frequency range and measuring the relative time delays of pulses reflected by the object to determine the positions of dielectric interfaces in the object. According to a further embodiment, the waveform includes one or more pulses of terahertz radiation, each pulse having a duration in the range of approximately 10 to 10,000 femtoseconds.

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Fair Haven, NJ, United States of America

Martin C Nuss