Eaton Corporation

USA As Represented by Secretary of the Navy

Other

Marquette University

Martin Arthur Seitz

Richard Walter Hirthe

David Lee Wooton

Alex E Cragoe

Michael D Frederickson

Jeff K Latham

Anthony L Delieto

Patrick D Riggs

Mohammad N Amin

Mark H Polczynski

Charles J Koehler

Robert A Bauer

James E Hansen

Don D Vaughan

David R Sosnowski

Paul G Rops

Charles John Koehler

Anne Matthews Brunson

Jianxun Hu

Patrick J Dupies

Darrel A Mazzari

Ronald Mark Johnson

Disclosed herein are biosensors for the detection of airborne biomolecules. The biosensors include a housing, a sensing component, and optionally a sample capture component. The biosensors may utilize a gel-based detection platform.

Biosensor

A system and method for monitoring and controlling the properties of fluids is disclosed. The inventive concept employs impedance spectroscopy (IS) measurements, and is suitable for real-time, in situ, monitoring and quality control operations, such as quality control during the manufacture of blended lubricants. IS data are obtained for three or more frequencies, where the lowest frequency is less than 1 Hz and the highest frequency is greater than 1 Hz. These data may be interpreted according to statistical techniques such as Principal Component Regression, analytical techniques such as equivalent circuit modeling, or by a combination thereof. The data analysis provides characteristics, or IS signatures, relating to the properties of the fluid. IS signatures for a test fluid are compared to IS signatures for calibration fluids to determine whether the properties of the test fluid fall within specified limits. Quality control adjustments to the test fluid properties may be performed based on the IS signatures.

Fluid quality control using broad spectrum impedance spectroscopy

A method and apparatus for evaluating and improving the properties of fluid formulations is disclosed. The inventive concept employs impedance spectroscopy (IS) measurements and data analyses to determine IS parameters of fluids representative of a fluid formulation. Correlations are determined between the IS parameters and the properties of the fluids, and a modified or new fluid formulation may be developed responsive to the correlations.

Fluid formulation evaluation and improvement utilizing broad spectrum impedance spectroscopy

A probe having a pair of closely spaced electrodes is immersed in the lubricant and one electrode is excited with a relatively low voltage AC current. The frequency is swept over a range of about 1-10,000 Hertz and the current and phase angle measured at selected frequency intervals. The reactive (Z&#x2033;) and resistive (Z&#x2033;) impedances are computed for each current measurement and values of Z&#x2033; plotted as a function of Z' as a Nyquist plot. The center of curvature of the plot between the origin and the minimum value of Z&#x2033; is located; and, the angle of depression of a line from the origin through the center of curvature &#x398; is determined from the plot. Samples of lubricant having known concentration of soot are measured and the angle &#x398; determined for each sample. The angle is then plotted as a function of soot concentration and a smooth curve fitted to the data plots. The curve may be programmed into a microcomputer to be used with the sensor for real time determination of soot concentration.

Detecting soot during real time operation in diesel engine lubricant

A plug for insertion through the wall of a vessel filled with fluid to be monitored has an extension immersed in the fluid which has a pair of wire electrodes helically wound thereon in spaced arrangement. The electrodes are wound at a uniform pitch in one embodiment and wound with regions of closely and widely spaced pitches in another embodiment. In a third embodiment, the electrodes are helically wound in spaced parallel arrangement at a pitch greater than the spacing of the pair. A thermistor is disposed on the extension for providing a fluid temperature signal. The electrodes are excited sequentially by a low voltage at a fractional Hertz (low) frequency and a (high) frequency of at least one Hertz and the current and temperature are measured. The impedance and differential impedance are computed from the measured currents. From stored values of the differential impedance as a function of temperature for various known fluid conditions, the condition of the fluid is determined; and, if greater than a predetermined threshold, an alarm is activated and/or the fluid condition displayed.

Monitoring fluid condition with a spiral electrode configuration

This invention relates to an on-line statistical process control device for solder paste and residues. The invention consists of electronics hardware, software, and probing systems. The electrical hardware of the invention provides voltage and current measurements of solder paste materials, the software of the invention controls the hardware, provides real-time complex, non-linear least squares curve fitting for equivalent circuit analysis, data storage and retrieval of circuit parameters and behavior, and statistical process control tracking and charting. The probing systems of the invention allows for 2, 3, and 4 probe surface and bulk measurements of the solder paste and residues.

Solder paste and residue

A fluid condition monitor suitable for real time monitoring of a fluid in a fluid system such as on-board vehicle monitoring of engine oil and transmission fluid to determine contamination. A capacitive spaced array electrode probe is immersed in the fluid and an oscillating voltage is applied at a first frequency of at least one hertz and the current I,measured as an analog of the bulk fluid impedance. The voltage is also applied to the probe at a second frequency of less then one hertz and the current I,measured as an analog of the electrode surface impedance. The difference in measured currents &Dgr;I is determined electrically compared with a predetermined threshold value; and, the measured first frequency current I,is compared with an upper and lower limit value for I,determined empirically for the known baseline fluid. If &Dgr;I is below the threshold or I,is not within the upper and lower limits, a fault condition is declared and an indicator is activated to warn that the fluid is not suitable for continued operation of the system. An alternate embodiment includes a fluid level sensor.

Fluid condition monitor

This invention relates to an on-line statistical process control device for solder paste and residues. The invention consists of electronics hardwa software, and probing systems. The electrical hardware of the invention provides voltage and current measurements of solder paste materials, the software of the invention controls the hardware, provides real-time complex, non-linear least squares curve fitting for equivalent circuit analysis, data storage and retrieval of circuit parameters and behavior, and to statistical process control tracking and charting. The probing systems of the invention allows for 2, 3, and 4 probe surface and bulk measurements of the solder paste and residues.

Solder paste and residue measurement system

A system to sense changes in the state of an ion exchange resin bed which includes first and second current electrodes spaced from each other, a first electrical circuit electrically connecting the current electrodes and designed to be connected to a source of alternating current, and also including first and second voltage probes spaced from each other and located approximately between said first and second current electrodes with a wire connecting voltage probes. A second electrical circuit consists of the first and second voltage probes, the wire and the portion of the resin bed lying between said voltage probes so that when the first electrical circuit is energized by the source of alternating current a voltage is induced in the second electrical circuit which corresponds to the state of the resin bed located between the first and second voltage probes.

Method and apparatus to sense changes in the state of a resin bed

This invention relates to an on-line statistical process control device for solder paste and residues. The invention consists of electronics hardware, software, and probing systems. The electrical hardware of the invention provides voltage and current measurements of solder paste materials, the software of the invention controls the hardware, provides real-time complex, nonlinear least squares curve fitting for equivalent circuit analysis, data storage and retrieval of circuit parameters and behavior, and statistical process control tracking and charting. The probing systems of the invention allows for 2, 3, and 4 probe surface and bulk measurements of the solder paste and residues.

Growing community of inventors

Brookfield, WI, United States of America

Martin Arthur Seitz