The United States of America, As Represented by the Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services

Mark Raymond Swingle

Richard Eric Honkanen

Brandon Marshall D'Arcy

Compositions, methods, and systems for modifying sterol metabolism in a subject is disclosed. In some embodiments, the subjects may be administered one or more mammalian cells modified to express at least one sterol degrading enzyme derived from a bacterium. In many embodiments, the cell is a macrophage or monocyte stably expressing three or more enzymes that aid in opening the &#x3b2; ring of cholesterol. The disclosed compositions and methods may be useful in lowering cholesterol levels in a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the subject may have a genetic predisposition to atherosclerosis.

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Mobile, AL, United States of America

Mark Raymond Swingle