Nuvera Fuel Cells, Inc.

Other

Mark R Hagan

Lawrence G Clawson

Matthew Dorson

William F Northrop

Craig B Thompson

James C Cross, Iii

William L Mitchell

Darryl Edward Pollica

Christopher J Papile

Jennifer W Rumsey

Brian J Bowers

Chunming Qi

Vincent Rizzo

Brian J Nowicki

Robert Davis

Christopher J O'Brien

Michael Leschiner

Brian D Morriseau

Maria Sun

Stephen G Block

Michael Rindone

Gunther Kleeburg

Chunming (Frank C) Qi

Nathan Longo

Johannes Thijssen

Alexis Smith

Prashant S Chintawar

Christopher J O'brien

According to the present invention, a temperature profile within a preferential oxidation reactor is controlled using a two phase water/steam system to provide a temperature range within the reactor () which favors the selective oxidation of CO in a hydrogen rich reformate stream. The reformate is flowed in a mixture with oxygen over a preferential oxidation catalyst (). The temperature profile is controlled by flowing a stream of water proximate to the preferential oxidation catalyst () so as the stream of water and the reformate stream passing over the catalyst () are in a heat transfer arrangement. The stream of water is maintained as a two phase stream from a point at which the water reaches its boiling temperature to a point proximate an outlet from which the stream of water exits the reactor ().

Preferential oxidation reactor temperature regulation

A hydrocarbon fuel processing reactor for generating a hydrogen-enriched reformate from hydrocarbons is disclosed. A plurality of shells are arranged coaxially having a gap defined between each of the successive shells, thereby forming a plurality of coaxial zones. The shells are configured to permit heat transfer from one zone to another. Fluid streams for reactions within the reactor are preheated by heat transfer from adjacent zones.

Heat transfer optimization in multi shelled reformers

The efficiency of a combination reformer/fuel cell system is significantly improved by recapturing the energy value of heat generated in the fuel cell and producing additional power. The cooling water from the fuel cell is mixed, entirely or in part, with sufficient or excess compressed air, and at least partially evaporates in the compressed air. The air is at least sufficient to support the oxidative reactions in the fuel cell and also to serve as oxidant in a burner that provides heat to reform fuel/steam mixtures into hydrogen-containing reformate. This air/steam mixture, after leaving the fuel cell, is further heated by heat exchange with the reformate stream and reformate-producing modules, and with the exhaust stream of the burner. The steam/air mixture is injected into the burner, optionally after superheating in the burner exhaust, and is reacted with fuel in the burner. The burner exhaust may be used to provide heat to a fuel reforming reaction. The high-temperature burner exhaust may also be used to drive an expander, preferably a turbine, at a location in the system which is downstream of the burner, but in which the exhaust is at a high temperature so as to run the turbine efficiently. The turbine recovers heat energy from the fuel cell as mechanical energy, typically in excess of the energy required to run a compressor, because of the addition of steam to the compressed air. Moreover, system heat removal elements, such as radiators, as well as overall system size and cost, can be markedly reduced for a given level of output.

Joint-cycle high-efficiency fuel cell system with power generating turbine

A hydrogen fuel cell power system having improved efficiency comprises a fuel cell, a source of hydrogen gas, a compressor for creating a pressurized air stream, and a liquid supply which is heated by waste heat form the power system and evaporates into the pressurized air stream to produce a pressurized air and steam mixture. The pressurized air/steam mixture, which is preferably used as the oxidant in the fuel cell, is combusted with fuel in a burner to produce a high-temperature steam-laden exhaust stream. The high-temperature steam-laden exhaust stream drives an expander to produce a power output, and a power take-off from the expander uses the expander power to, for instance, drive an electrical generator, or drive other system components. The evaporation of liquid can take place external to the fuel cell, or can take place directly within the fuel cell, preferably using a cooling liquid that is directly injected into the fuel cell. The fuel cell power system advantageously uses the low-temperature waste heat of the fuel cell to evaporate liquid into the pressurized air, resulting in a steam/air mixture having a relatively large expansion potential. The systems and related methods of the invention are applicable to a wide range of fuel cell power systems, including a 'pure' or 'non-hybrid' fuel cell power system, powered by hydrogen from either an external source, such as a hydrogen storage tank, or from &#x201c;direct&#x201d; reforming of a fuel at the anode. The invention is also applicable to integrated or &#x201c;hybridized&#x201d; fuel cell power systems which contain a local fuel reformer. In these systems, the fuel cell is powered by hydrogen-containing reformate generated by the reformer.

High-efficiency fuel cell power system with power generating expander

Interconnection layouts are described that are particularly effective in the construction of a steam reformer/fuel cell combination for providing domestic heat and/or hot water as well as electricity. A distinguishing feature of the interconnections is that they permit the operator to optimize the efficiency of operation of the integrated system, and provide a higher efficiency at optimum operation compared to prior art designs. Combinations of reformer/fuel cell systems with conventional furnaces or boilers are also described.

Cogeneration of power and heat by an integrated fuel cell power system

A hydrocarbon reformer system including a first reactor configured to generate hydrogen-rich reformate by carrying out at least one of a non-catalytic thermal partial oxidation, a catalytic partial oxidation, a steam reforming, and any combinations thereof, a second reactor in fluid communication with the first reactor to receive the hydrogen-rich reformate, and having a catalyst for promoting a water gas shift reaction in the hydrogen-rich reformate, and a heat exchanger having a first mass of two-phase water therein and configured to exchange heat between the two-phase water and the hydrogen-rich reformate in the second reactor, the heat exchanger being in fluid communication with the first reactor so as to supply steam to the first reactor as a reactant is disclosed. The disclosed reformer includes an auxiliary reactor configured to generate heated water/steam and being in fluid communication with the heat exchanger of the second reactor to supply the heated water/steam to the heat exchanger.

Integrated hydrocarbon reforming system and controls

A process for converting carbon monoxide and water in a reformate stream into carbon dioxide and hydrogen comprising: generating a reformate by reacting a hydrocarbon via partial oxidation, steam reforming, or both, including autothermal reforming; and promoting a water gas shift in the reformate in the presence of a platinum group metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, iridium, osmium, rhodium and mixtures thereof, supported on zirconium oxide. The platinum group metal advantageously may be supported directly on a monolithic substrate composed of zirconium oxide.

Process for converting carbon monoxide and water in a reformate stream

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Somerville, MA, United States of America

Mark R Hagan