General Chemical Corporation

Mark D Dulik

Samuel L Bean

Peter A Monopoli

Walter H Bortle

Samuel Louis Bean

Andrew Chisholm

A railroad tank car can be filled with a slurry of a solid and a solvent therefor. The tank car is fitted with a feed distribution header that is provided with a plurality of predetermined spaced openings. The header is mounted in the car so that after the solids have settled, the solids are located below the distribution header and the supernatant liquid is above the distribution header. The supernatant liquid can then be withdrawn from the tank car through the distribution header and flows back to a storage tank from where it came. All of this can be accomplished with a single pump. Removing or unloading of solids from the car is effected by rendering the solids flowable with a liquor and pumping the solids from the car or dissolving them.

System for transporting solid materials

Sodium (bi)sulfites are produced by the steps of:

Cocurrent flow process for the manufacture of sodium sulfite and

Permanganate based fabric bleaching processes, such as stone-washing processes, are substantially improved by utilizing a reducing composition comprising a metabisulfite and a sulfite in the washing step. The relative amounts of metabisulfite and sulfite in the reducing composition are selected so as to substantially eliminate the odor of sulfur dioxide during the washing step at the particular temperature selected. For washing temperatures of 100.degree.-140.degree. F. the preferred weight ratio of sodium metabisulfite to sodium sulfite is 7:3, which produces a reducing composition having a pH of 6.2 (in a 5% by weight solution). Such a composition not only allows operation at elevated temperatures without an odor of SO.sub.2, it also allows a reduction in the washing time and in the amount of reducing composition used.

Method for permanganate bleaching of fabric and garments

Permanganate based fabric bleaching processes, such as stone-washing processes, are substantially improved by utilizing a reducing composition comprising a metabisulfite and a sulfite in the washing step. The relative amounts of metabisulfite and sulfite in the reducing composition are selected so as to substantially eliminate the odor of sulfur dioxide during the washing step at the particular temperature selected. For washing temperatures of 100.degree.-140 .degree. F. the preferred weight ratio of sodium metabisulfite to sodium sulfite is 7:3, which produces a reducing composition having a pH of 6.2 (in a 5% by weight solution). Such a composition not only allows operation at elevated temperatures without an odor of SO.sub.2, it also allows a reduction in the washing time and in the amount of reducing composition used.

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West Chester, PA, United States of America

Mark D Dulik