Amchem Products, Inc.

Monosolar Inc.

Mark B Knaster

Robert L Rod

Ramachandra M Panicker

Carmen M Carandang

Ferdinand A Kroger

William R Skowronek

Nickel-free aqueous phosphating compositions containing zinc ions, cobalt ions, phosphate ions, and at least two additional cations; methods for using such composition, and products of the methods.

Nickel-free metal phosphating composition and method for use

Aqueous copper coating compositions, solid compositions for forming the aqueous compositions, and processes for coating the surfaces of ferrous-containing materials by contacting said surfaces with the aqueous copper coating compositions, wherein the aqueous compositions contain:

Compositions and processes for coating ferrous surfaces with copper

A photo-voltaic power cell based on a photoelectric semiconductor compound and the method of using and making the same. The semiconductor compound in the photo-voltaic power cell of the present invention can be electrolytically formed at a cathode in an electrolytic solution by causing discharge or decomposition of ions or molecules of a non-metallic component with deposition of the non-metallic component on the cathode and simultaneously providing ions of a metal component which discharge and combine with the non-metallic component at the cathode thereby forming the semiconductor compound film material thereon. By stoichiometrically adjusting the amounts of the components, or otherwise by introducing dopants into the desired amounts, an N-type layer can be formed and thereafter a P-type layer can be formed with a junction therebetween. The invention is effective in producing homojunction semiconductor materials and heterojunction semiconductor materials. The present invention also provides a method of using three electrodes in order to form the semiconductor compound material on one of these electrodes. Various examples are given for manufacturing different photo-voltaic cells in accordance with the present invention.

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Ambler, PA, United States of America

Mark B Knaster