Eastman-kodak Company

Nexpress Solutions, Inc.

E.i. Dupont De Nemours and Company

Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag

Dupont Displays Inc

Marie B O'Regan

Louis J Sorriero

David Steven Weiss

Michel Frantz Molaire

Wayne Thomas Ferrar

Paul M Borsenberger

Donald Saul Rimai

Thomas Nathaniel Tombs

Anne F Lairmore

Salvatore Leone

Albert V Buettner

Jeffrey R Murray

Jane Robin Cowdery

Douglas E Bugner

Shiva Prakash

Hal E Wright

Chi Zhang

John A Sinicropi

Dennis Roland Fronheiser

Paul D VanderValk

Jane Robin Cowdery-Corvan

William F Feehery

An electronic device can include an electrode and an organic active region. In one aspect, the electronic device can include the electrode having a corresponding pitch and an organic active region adjacent to the electrode, wherein the organic active region has a width greater than the corresponding pitch. In another aspect, an electronic device can include a first set of electrodes oriented substantially along a direction and a second set of electrodes oriented substantially along the direction. The electronic device can also include a space between the first and second sets of the electrodes. The electronic device can still further include an organic active region overlying or underlying the first and second sets of electrodes and the space. In other aspects, processes of forming the electronic devices are also disclosed.

Electronic device having electrodes and organic active regions and processes of forming the same

A multi-active electrophotographic charge generation element comprises a conductive support, a charge generation layer (CGL) disposed on the conductive support, and a charge transport layer (CTL) disposed on the charge generation layer. The charge generation layer (CGL) includes a charge-generation material comprising an aggregated or crystalline form of a first dye or pigment and a first polymeric binder. The charge transport layer (CTL) comprises at least one charge-transport agent, a second dye or pigment having absorption in a selected spectral region that at least partially overlaps the absorption of a dissolved non-aggregated or non-crystalline form of the first dye or pigment, and a second polymeric binder. The second dye or pigment in the charge transport layer absorbs radiation in the selected spectral region that is incident on the charge transport layer, thereby shielding the charge generation layer from that radiation and mitigating visible radiation-induced photofatigue.

Electrophotographic element protected from photofatigue induced by visible light

Disclosed are photoconductive elements including a conductive support, e.g., an electrically conductive film, drum, or belt, on which a negatively chargeable photoconductive layer is disposed. An electrical barrier layer is disposed between the conductive support and the photoconductive layer. The barrier layer provides a high energy barrier to the injection of positive charges, but transports electrons under an applied electric field. In embodiments, the barrier layer can transport charge by electronic mechanisms, and, is not substantially affected by humidity changes. The barrier layer includes a polyamide-co-imide having covalently bonded as repeat units in the polymer chain, aromatic tetracarbonylbisimide groups of the formula:wherein Arand Arrespectively represent tetravalent or trivalent aromatic groups of 6 to about 20 carbon atoms, and X is O, C(CF), S&#x2550;O or SO. The amount of aromatic tetracarbonylbisimide content in the polymer is selected such that the barrier layer can be coated onto the support as a relatively thick layer, which provides for enhanced performance as a photoconductor when used in an electrophotographic process.

Photoconductive elements having a polymeric barrier layer

The luminous efficiency and radiance of light emitting diodes (LEDs) fabricated from organic emissive materials can be increased by using a multilayer cathode including a low work function layer and a high work function high reflectivity layer, in combination with a high work function, high reflectivitity anode material in the device.

Long lifetime polymer light-emitting devices with improved luminous efficiency and improved radiance

Polymer and photoconductive element having a polymeric barrier layer

In a photoconductive element comprising a conductive support, e.g., an electrically conductive film, drum or belt on which a negatively chargeable photoconductive layer is formed, an electrical barrier layer is formed between the support and the photoconductive layer. The barrier layer provides a high energy barrier to the injection of positive charges but transports electrons under an applied electric field. The barrier layer of the invention transports charge by electronic rather than ionic mechanisms and, therefore, is not substantially affected by humidity changes. The barrier layer comprises a polyester-co-imide, polyesterionomer-co-imide or polyamide-co-imide having covalently bonded as repeating units in the polymer chain, aromatic tetracarboxylbisimide groups of the formula:

Unexpectedly good transfer of electrophotographically-produced images using small toner particles occurs when the image is developed on an electrostatographic recording member, preferably an organic photoconductive element, which has been overcoated with a thin (about 10 nm to about 10 .mu.m thick) layer of a material having a Young's modulus greater than 10 GPa and preferably greater than about 100 GPa. The image is then transferred to an intermediate member which is comprised of an elastomeric blanket between about 0.1 and about 3 cm thick, having a Young's modulus between about 0.5 MPa and about 50 MPa, and preferably between about 1 and about 10 MPa, and having an electrical resistivity between about 10.sup.6 ohm-cm and about 10.sup.12 ohm-cm, by applying an appropriate electrostatic potential between the transfer intermediate member and the photoconductive element. The toned image is transferred from the intermediate transfer member to the receiver by applying an electrostatic field between the receiver and the intermediate transfer member. The blanket material comprising the intermediate transfer member should be overcoated with a thin (between about 0.1 .mu.m and about 25 .mu.m thick) layer of a material having a Young's modulus greater than about 100 MPa and preferably greater than about 1 GPa.

Electrostatographic apparatus and method for improved transfer of small

An electrophotographic element comprising a high mobility charge transport layer. The layer binder is a polyester according to formula I: ##STR1## wherein Ar represents phenylene, terephthoyl, isophthoyl, 5-t-butyl-1,3-phenylene and phenylene indane;

Electrophotographic elements having charge transport layers containing

A multiactive photoconductive element exhibiting reduced black spots in discharged area development systems. The element includes (A) a conductive layer, (B) an aggregate charge generation layer in direct physcial contact with the conductive layer and (C) a charge transport layer. The charge generation layer contains (i) a binder an adhesive polymer. The charge transport layer contains a binder according to formula II: ##STR1## wherein the Ar, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, R.sup.11, and R.sup.12 and x are defined in the specification.

Electrophotographic elements exhibiting reduced numbers of black spots

A charge generating element having an electrically conductive layer, a charge generating layer overlying the electrically conductive layer, and an overcoat overlying the charge generating layer. The overcoat includes dye and a complex of inorganic oxide polymer and a charge carrier. The overcoat has a surface resistivity of from about 1.times.10.sup.10 to about 1.times.10.sup.17 ohms/sq.

Charge generating elements having modified spectral sensitivity

The photoconductive element of the invention comprises an electrically conductive support and a photoconductive material capable of generating positive charge carriers when exposed to actinic radiation, the element having, situated between the support and the photoconductive material, an electrical barrier layer that restrains the injection of positive charge carriers from the conductive support, the barrier layer comprising a polyester ionomer. The method of the invention comprises coating on an electrically conductive support an aqueous dispersion of a polyester ionomer as a barrier layer, coating a charge generation layer over the barrier layer, and coating a p-type charge transport layer over the charge generation layer.

Growing community of inventors

Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America

Marie B O'Regan