Xerox Corporation

Maria N McDougall

Richard P Veregin

Enno Eric Agur

David Kalman Biegelsen

Peter Michael Kazmaier

Eric Peeters

Karen Ann Moffat

Stephan V Drappel

Hadi K Mahabadi

Michael Steven Hawkins

Daniel Gureasko Bobrow

Jaan Noolandi

Thomas R Hoffend

Philip D Floyd

Bernard Grushkin

Angelo J Barbetta

Gerald R Allison

Greg Anderson

Fred Endicott

Guerino G Sacripante

Raj D Patel

Armin R Volkel

Grazyna E Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz

T Hwee Ng

Eric M Strohm

Francisco E Torres

Arthur Helbrecht

Peter Gordon Odell

Daryl Walter Vanbesien

Michael A Hopper

Scott M Silence

Daniel A Foucher

George Liebermann

Allan K Chen

Marko D Saban

Thomas R Pickering

Armin Rainer Völkel

Patricia Ann Burns

Joseph August Bartel

Sheau V Kao

James M Proper

Dwight J Tshudy

William J Dale

Rick Veregin

Various particle transport systems and components for use in such systems are described. The systems utilize one or more traveling wave grids to selectively transport, distribute, separate, or mix different populations of particles. Numerous systems configured for use in two dimensional and three dimensional particle transport are described.

Systems and methods for transporting particles

In accordance with the invention, there is a method of forming a toner. The method can include blending two or more colorants to form a sample toner and forming a sample color specimen including a printed image comprising the sample toner. The method can further include comparing spectral distribution curves of the sample color specimen with that of a target color specimen including a target color and repeating the disclosed steps until acquiring a desired spectral match between the sample toner and the target color.

Process for producing dry ink colorants that will reduce metamerism

A toner having at least one binder, at least one colorant and external additives. The external additives include at least one of silica and titania, and at least two metal stearates. A developer may be produced including the toner having at least two metal stearates and a carrier. An electrophotographic machine includes the toner with two metal stearates.

Particle external surface additive compositions

A process for the preparation of toner comprising mixing a colorant dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of a colorant and an ionic surfactant with a resin latex; heating the resulting flocculent mixture with stirring at a temperature of from about 25.degree. C. to about 1.degree. C. below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the latex resin to effect formation of toner sized aggregates; heating the resulting aggregate suspension in the presence of additional anionic surfactant, and which heating is at a temperature of from about 10.degree. C. to about 55.degree. C. above the Tg of the resin; cooling; adding a base component to the resulting slurry; filtering; and thereafter drying said toner.

Toner processes

A process for the preparation of a combination of color toners comprised of a cyan toner, a magenta toner, a yellow toner, and a black toner, each of said toners being comprised of resin and pigment, and wherein the pigment is cyan, magenta, yellow and black, each of the said pigments are dispersed in a nonionic, or neutral charge surfactant, and wherein each toner in the combination is prepared by (i) preparing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment and nonionic water soluble surfactant; (ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex or emulsion blend comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant; (iii) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates; and (iv) heating said bound toner size aggregates above about the Tg of the resin.

Gamut toner aggregation processes

A process which comprises reacting a polyester resin endcapped with hydroxyl moieties or groups with an organic acid anhydride at a temperature of from about 125.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C., thereby resulting in a polyester resin endcapped with acidic moieties or acid groups.

Toner compositions with modified polyester resins

A process for the preparation of toner comprising:

A process for the preparation of toner compositions with controlled particle size comprising: (i) preparing a pigment dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, an ionic surfactant in amounts of from about 0.5 to about 10 percent by weight to water, and an optional charge control agent; (ii) shearing the pigment dispersion with a latex mixture comprised of a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, and resin particles, thereby causing a flocculation or heterocoagulation of the formed particles of pigment, resin, and charge control agent; (iii) stirring the resulting sheared viscous mixture of (ii) at from about 300 to about 1,000 revolutions per minute to form electrostatically bound substantially stable toiler size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution; (iv) reducing the stirring speed in (iii) to from about 100 to about 600 revolutions per minute, and subsequently adding further anionic or nonionic surfactant in the range of from about 0.1 to about 10 percent by weight of water to control, prevent, or minimize further growth or enlargement of the particles in the coalescence step (v); (v) heating and coalescing from about 5.degree. to about 50.degree. C. above about the resin glass transition temperature, Tg, which resin Tg is from between about 45.degree. C. to about 90.degree. C., the statically bound aggregated particles to form said toner composition comprised of resin, pigment and optional charge control agent; (vi) washing the aggregated particles at a temperature of from about 15.degree. C. to about 5.degree. C. below the glass transition temperature of the resin, and subsequently filtering the aggregated particles until substantially all of the surfactant has been removed from the aggregated particles, followed by subsequent driving of the particles at a temperature of from about 15.degree. C. to about 5.degree. C. below the glass transition temperature of the resin; and (vii) subsequently adding to said toner product a first layer of a hydrophilic oxide, and a second layer of a hydrophobic oxide.

Toner aggregation processes

A toner composition comprised of pigment, and a metallocene polymer. Also illustrated is a toner composition wherein the metallocene polymer is a metallocene polyester of the formula ##STR1## wherein R and R' are an alkylene or an arylene; M is the metal titanium; and wherein n and m represent the random segments of the polymer, and n is a number of from about 10 to about 1,000, and m is from about 1 to about 100.

Toner compositions with organometallic polymers

A toner composition comprised of pigment, an optional charge enhancing additive, optional wax, and a polyester resin containing a hydrophobic end group, which polyester is free of acid end groups and is of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group, an alkyloxylated bisphenol, or a cyclohexyl; R' is an aryl group, an olefinic group, or an alkyl group; X is a silane, a siloxane, or a halogenated hydrocarbon; and n represents the number of segments.

A toner comprised of resin, pigment, and a polyester with amine functionality.

Toner compositions with polyester additives

Low fix temperature toner resins are fabricated by a reactive melt mixing process wherein polymer resins are cross-linked at high temperature and high shear. The resins are particularly suitable for high speed fusing, show excellent offset resistance and wide fusing latitude and superior vinyl offset properties.

Reactive melt mixing process for preparing cross-linked toner resins and

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Burlington, Canada

Maria N McDougall