Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Tufts University

Tufts College

Maria Flytzani-Stephanopoulos

Gregory N Stephanopoulos

Mark A Applegate

Rahul Singhvi

Seujeung Park

Wei Liu

Branko Zugic

Qi Fu

Howard M Saltsburg

Brian Ricks

Junjun Shan

Ioannis Valsamakis

Kandaswami Jothimurugesan

Xiaoyan She

Mengwei Li

Zhicheng Hu

A method of converting methane to an oxygenate. The method includes converting methane to an oxygenate with a transition metal ion loaded zeolite catalyst in an aqueous medium in the presence of gaseous Oand CO at a temperature lower than 200&#xb0; C. Also disclosed are a two-metal ion zeolite catalyst for converting methane to methanol and a method for preparing the two-metal ion zeolite catalyst.

Oxidative conversion of methane to oxygenates

A method for producing a Chydrocarbon from a solution containing a Ccarboxylic acid or a Ccarboxylate which is derived from biomass by contacting the solution with a solid catalyst to decarboxylate the Ccarboxylic acid or the Ccarboxylate, thereby forming a Chydrocarbon.

Converting biomass to gaseous fuel hydrocarbons

A method for oxidizing carbon monoxide by a water-gas shift (WGS) reaction and a method for reducing carbon dioxide by a reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction, both using a catalyst of the formula xMZLnOSO, in which M, Ln, x, and y are as defined herein. Also disclosed are novel compositions for use as catalysts for both the WGS and RWGS reactions.

Sulfur-tolerant water-gas shift catalysts

A method includes contacting a catalyst including a metal having an average particle size of approximately one nanometer or greater with SO; and reducing the average particle size of the metal.

Treating catalysts

The invention contemplates a method of making a catalytic material, and uses of the material. The catalytic material is made by depositing catalytic metals, such as gold or platinum, on substrate materials, such as lanthanum-doped ceria or other oxides. The catalytic metal, which comprises both crystalline and non-crystalline structures, is treated, for example with aqueous basic NaCN solution, to leach away at least some of the crystalline metallic component. The remaining noncrystalline metallic component associated with the substrate exhibits catalytic activity that is substantially similar to the catalyst as prepared. The use of the catalyst in an apparatus such as a reactor or analytic instrument is contemplated, as is the use of the catalyst in efficient, cost-effective reactions, such as removal of carbon monoxide from fuel gases, for example by performing the water gas shift reaction.

Catalyst having metal in reduced quantity and reduced cluster size

A method and system for capturing H.sub.2 S from hot gas streams such as from a coal or other fuel gasifier are disclosed. Zinc or zinc oxide precursors in gas, liquid, or fine powder form are injected into the hot duct work of coal gasifier exit after fly ash has been removed to react with H.sub.2 S gas. In addition to ZnO sulfidation, a portion of the Zn-based reagents converted to the vapor state in the reducing fuel gas environment, reacts with H.sub.2 S and forms fine ZnS particles that are then collected on a high efficiency, high temperature filter. Periodically, the filter is backflushed, and spent sorbent is collected in a hopper, removed for regeneration, and returned to the injection system.

Hot gas desulfurization by injection of regenerable sorbents in

An apparatus and method are disclosed for culturing cells by flowing a medium through a packed bed of biocompatible macroporous ceramic particles disposed in a cell-culture reactor. In one embodiment, oxygen and other nutrients in the medium are transported significantly by convective flow through pores of the biocompatible macroporous ceramic particles to cells disposed within the pores. Oxygen can be introduced to the cell-culture reactor by sparging oxygen gas into the cell-culture reactor. Oxygen content in the medium can also be increased by increasing the solubility of oxygen in the medium, such as by adding perfluorocarbon or other oxygen carriers to the medium. The oxygen capacity of the reactor can be further increased by sparging oxygen-containing gas into the medium at a plurality of points in the packed bed, or by introducing oxygen gas to the medium through a solid-phase oxygen gas-permeable membrane disposed in the packed bed. Alternatively, an oxygen-containing gas can be directed through an oxygen-permeable conduit disposed within at least one passage of a biocompatible macroporous support.

Cell-culturing apparatus and method employing a macroporous support

A method and composition for the complete oxidation of carbon monoxide and/or hydrocarbon compounds. The method involves reacting the carbon monoxide and/or hydrocarbons with an oxidizing agent in the presence of a metal oxide composite catalyst. The catalyst is prepared by combining fluorite-type oxygen ion conductors with active transition metals. The fluorite oxide, selected from the group consisting of cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, thorium oxide, hafnium oxide, and uranium oxide, and may be doped by alkaline earth and rare earth oxides. The transition metals, selected from the group consisting of molybdnum, copper, cobalt, maganese, nickel, and silver, are used as additives. The atomic ratio of transition metal to fluorite oxide is less than one.

Composite catalyst for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon oxidation

A catalytic reduction process for the direct recovery of elemental sulfur from various SO.sub.2 -containing industrial gas streams. The catalytic process provides high activity and selectivity, as well as stability in the reaction atmosphere, for the reduction of SO.sub.2 to elemental sulfur product with carbon monoxide or other reducing gases. The reaction of sulfur dioxide and reducing gas takes place over a metal oxide composite catalyst having one of the following empirical formulas:

Catalyst for elemental sulfur recovery process

An improved catalytic reduction process for the direct recovery of elemental sulfur from various SO.sub.2 -containing industrial gas streams. The catalytic process provides combined high activity and selectivity for the reduction of SO.sub.2 to elemental sulfur product with carbon monoxide or other reducing gases. The reaction of sulfur dioxide and reducing gas takes place over certain catalyst formulations based on cerium oxide. The process is a single-stage, catalytic sulfur recovery process in conjunction with regenerators, such as those used in dry, regenerative flue gas desulfurization or other processes, involving direct reduction of the SO.sub.2 in the regenerator off gas stream to elemental sulfur in the presence of a catalyst.

Elemental sulfur recovery process

A simple and effective method for producing bulk single and mixed oxide absorbents and catalysts is disclosed. The method yields bulk single oxide and mixed oxide absorbent and catalyst materials which combine a high macroporosity with relatively high surface area and good mechanical strength. The materials are prepared in a pellet form using as starting compounds, calcined powders of the desired composition and physical properties these powders are crushed to broad particle size distribution, and, optionally may be combined with an inorganic clay binder. The necessary amount of water is added to form a paste which is extruded, dried and heat treated to yield and desired extrudate strength. The physical properties of the extruded materials (density, macroporosity and surface area) are substantially the same as the constituent powder is the temperature of the heat treatment of the extrudates is approximately the same as the calcination temperature of the powder. If the former is substantially higher than the latter, the surface area decreases, but the macroporosity of the extrusions remains essentially constant.

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Winchester, MA, United States of America

Maria Flytzani-Stephanopoulos