International Business Machines Corporation

Marco Martens

Charles Philippe Tresser

Chai Wah Wu

Joan LaVerne Mitchell

Timothy James Trenary

Robert J Von Gutfeld

Charles A Micchelli

Pradeep Kumar Dubey

Gordon Wesley Braudaway

Tomasz J Nowicki

Jennifer Quirin Trelewicz

Ali Afzali-Ardakani

Paul Andrew Moskowitz

Alejandro Gabriel Schrott

Gustavo Alejandro Stolovitzky

Claudius Feger

Michael T Brady

Gaurav Aggarwal

Andrea Califano

Roy Lee Adler

Michael I Shub

Ashutosh Kulshreshtha

William Robert Pulleyblank

Frank P Giordano

Stephen Carl Kaufman

Stephane Herman Maes

Timothy Joseph Chainer

Vijay A Kumar

Nenad Rijavec

Charanjit Singh Jutla

Gerhard Robert Thompson

Frederick Cole Mintzer

Ravishankar Rao

Joseph D Rutledge

Sean William Smith

Alan David Kalvin

Steve Harris Weingart

Bruce A Scott

Nabil M Amer

Joseph Y Margulies

Alok Aggarwal

James Bergheim Shearer

Bruce P Kitchens

Vernon Ralph Austel

Charles B Tresser

Jean-Pierre Dedieu

Robert H Risch

A method of processing semiotic data includes receiving semiotic data including at least one data set P, selecting a function h, and for at least one of each data set P to be collected, computing h(P), destroying data set P, and storing h(P) in a database, wherein data set P cannot be extracted from h(P). The method further includes selecting a private key/public key (K, k) once for all cases, one of destroying the private key K and sending the private key K to a trusted party, and choosing function h as the public encryption function corresponding to k.

Semiotic system and method with privacy protection

A method (as well as system and signal-bearing medium) of processing biometric data, includes receiving biometric data including a data set P, selecting a secure hash function h, and for each data set P to be collected, computing h(P), destroying the data set P, and storing h(P) in a database, wherein data set P cannot be extracted from h(P).

Methods and systems for efficient scaling in the transform domain are provided when transform coefficient data is provided as an input to a data processing system, comprising generating a first matrix from transform coefficient data; zeroing out a row or column of, or inserting a row or column of zeros into, the first matrix; generating a second matrix by applying a one-dimensional inverse transform to the first matrix with the zeroed-out at least one row, the at least one column, the inserted at least one row of zeros or the at least one column of zeros; generating a third matrix by regrouping the second matrix; generating a combined matrix by applying a forward transform to the third matrix; and the data processing system scaling the data represented by the transform coefficient data by applying the combined matrix to the transform coefficient data.

Efficient scaling in transform domain

A method and system for efficient scaling in the transform domain, wherein transform coefficient data is provided as an input to a data processing system and scaled in the transform domain by application of a combined matrix. Some embodiments utilize discrete cosine transform data. One embodiment of the invention generates a combined matrix for one-dimensional scaling by selecting a rational scaling factor and matrix dimension value, generating a matrix with some zero values, applying a one-dimensional inverse transform, regrouping, and applying a one-dimensional forward transform. One application of the invention performs up-scaling operations, and another performs down-scaling operations. The invention also provides for two-dimensional scaling by selecting horizontal and vertical scaling parameters and generating first and second combined matrices responsive to the parameters and combining them into a single combined matrix. The invention may also incorporate a predetermined cost function.

Pages of books are copied without distortion due to curvature of the page near the book binding or the distortion in a copied page is corrected using the spacing of equidistant bars on tape strips applied to the top and bottom edges of a page before copying. The tape is preferably transparent and rather narrow and easily attached to a page to be copied. The first step in the distortion correction procedure is to locate the bars at the top and bottom of the page. The distortion of the spacing between the imaged bars is computed based on the known distance between the equidistant bars. The computed distortion of the spacing is then input to a distortion correction algorithm. The output of the distortion correction algorithm generates a corrected image. This image may also optionally delete the bars so that they are not printed in the copy. The corrected image is then copied.

Method and apparatus to correct distortion of document copies

A method (and system) for guaranteeing authenticity of an object, includes providing a sample of material obtainable only by at least one of chemical and physical processes such that the sample is random and not reproducible, associating a number reproducibly to the sample by using a specific reader, and forming at least one coded version of the number, the at least one coded version being obtained by a key signature, and the version being recorded into an area of the object.

Method and apparatus for producing duplication- and imitation-resistant identifying marks on objects, and duplication- and duplication- and imitation-resistant objects

A method (and system) for preventing counterfeiting and cloning of smart cards, includes providing a smart card with a cryptographic structure for authorizing the smart card which can not be accessed completely by a predetermined small number of readings. The cryptographic structure can be built only by whoever emits the card or an agent thereof.

Method and system for producing wise cards

A method for scaling a signal sample rate includes interpolating between at least two scaling ratios to calculate an arbitrary scaling ratio, using a predetermined interpolation algorithm, and scaling a sample rate for a first portion of the signal using a first scaling ratio, and scaling a sample rate for a second portion of the signal using a second scaling ratio, to form a scaled signal having an average scaling ratio equal to the arbitrary scaling ratio.

Method and system for scaling a signal sample rate

A method and apparatus for authenticating (or identifying) a subject, includes using one or a plurality of biometric measurements for authentication (or identification) without any sharing of the subject's biometric data with a party requesting authentication.

Method and apparatus for secure authorization and identification using biometrics without privacy invasion

A method and system offer confidential purchase of electronic data which can be used without any need of knowledge in cryptography nor mastery of computer use beyond usual usage of the World Wide Web (WWW). The method and system which guarantee confidentiality as long as there is no collusion between agents working for a large number of reputable companies whose references can be easily checked on the Internet before proceeding to the order. In addition, the method and system allow for guaranteed payment and offer recourse in case of improper delivery.

Achieving buyer-seller anonymity for unsophisticated users under collusion amongst intermediaries

A method is presented for marking high-quality digital images with a robust and invisible watermark. It requires the mark to survive and remain detectable and authenticatable through all image manipulations that in themselves do not damage the image beyond useability. These manipulations include JPEG &ldquo;lossy&rdquo; compression and, in the extreme, the printing and rescanning of the image. The watermark also has the property that it can detect if the essential contents of the image has changed. The first phase of the method comprises extracting a digest or number N from the image so that N only (or mostly) depends on the essential information content, such that the same number N can be obtained from a scan of a high quality print of the image, from the compressed form of the image, or in general, from the image after minor modifications (introduced inadvertently by processing, noise etc.). The second phase comprises the marking. This can be done in form of an invisible robust watermark, or in form of some visible signature or watermark.

Semi-fragile watermarks

A system and method for detecting parallel marketing of an item, include forming at least one of a coating and a code on the item, interrogating the at least one of the coating and said code, and determining from the interrogating whether the item has been transferred from an authorized merchant to an unauthorized merchant.

Method and system for preventing parallel marketing of wholesale and retail items

A digital watermarking method encodes different pairs of watermarks into each of a plurality of images offered for use by a vendor. The watermarks in each pair are derived from two separate collections of watermarks and sufficiently different so as to prevent false positives. Because each pair of watermarks is assigned to a different customer relative to a particular image, unauthorized use of a digital image sold to a customer may be determined by locating the associated pair of watermarks assigned to the customer in the image. Collusion detection is also realized by forming each pair of masks from sub-collections of masks which are detectable in an image formed by combining the same images sold to one or more customers.

Watermarks for customer identification

System for preventing parallel marketing of retail items

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Chappaqua, NY, United States of America

Marco Martens