Form Energy, Inc.

Ihi Corporation

Ihi Terrasun Solutions Inc.

Marco Ferrara

Yet-Ming Chiang

William Henry Woodford

W Craig Carter

Liang Su

Mateo Cristian Jaramillo

Aly Eldeen O Eltayeb

Michael Goroff

Maxwell Mann

Theodore Alan Wiley

Benjamin Michael Jenkins

Ian Salmon McKay

Mitchell Westwood

Eric F Weber

Jarrod David Milshtein

Rachel Elizabeth Mumma

Rupak Chakraborty

Amelie Nina Kharey

Jay Whitacre

Tristan Doherty

Yuji Koguma

Kristen Carlisle

Jocelyn M Newhouse

Isabella Caruso

Benjamin Thomas Hultman

Max Rae Chu

Sergey Crane

Alexander H Slocum, Jr

Eric D Weber

Marc-Antoni Goulet

Jessa Silver

Brian Beggan

Wei Xie

Lucas Cohen

Katelyn Ripley

Various embodiments provide a battery, a bulk energy storage system including the battery, and/or a method of operating the bulk energy storage system including the battery. In various embodiment, the battery may include a first electrode, an electrolyte, and a second electrode, wherein one or both of the first electrode and the second electrode comprises direct reduced iron ('DRI'). In various embodiments, the DRI may be in the form of pellets. In various embodiments, the pellets may comprise at least about 60 wt % iron by elemental mass, based on the total mass of the pellets. In various embodiments, one or both of the first electrode and the second electrode comprises from about 60% to about 90% iron and from about 1% to about 40% of a component comprising one or more of the materials selected from the group of SiO, AlO, MgO, CaO, and TiO.

Negative electrodes for electrochemical cells

Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide metal air electrochemical cell architectures. Various embodiments may provide a battery, such as an unsealed battery or sealed battery, with an open cell arrangement configured such that a liquid electrolyte layer separates a metal electrode from an air electrode. In various embodiments, the electrolyte may be disposed within one or more vessel of the battery such that electrolyte serves as a barrier between a metal electrode and gaseous oxygen. Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide for removing a metal electrode from electrolyte to prevent self-discharge of the metal electrode. Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a three electrode battery configured to operate each in a discharge mode, but with two distinct electrochemical reactions occurring at each electrode.

Metal air electrochemical cell architecture

Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a battery including a rolling diaphragm configured to move to accommodate an internal volume change of one or more components of the battery. Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a battery housing including a rolling diaphragm seal disposed between an interior volume of the battery and an electrode assembly within the battery. Various embodiments may provide an air electrode assembly including an air electrode supported on a buoyant platform such that the air electrode is above a surface of a volume of electrolyte when the buoyant platform is floating in the electrolyte.

Stack of electric batteries including series of fluidly connected unit cells

Physical and/or financial instruments may optimally hedge the cash flow of one or more renewable energy generators based on a desired risk and return profile of renewable infrastructure investors. Baseline revenues may be determined based on forward-looking electricity market price scenarios corresponding to qualified market products intended for sale from the renewable energy generators. Risk and return metrics of cash flows of the renewable energy generators may be determined. At least one physical hedge and/or financial hedge may be added. The size and operation of the renewable energy generators along with any physical hedges, or financial hedges, or both physical and financial hedges, may be optimized across multiple market price scenarios of qualified market products to optimize investor-tailored risk and return utility functions.

Renewable energy system controls

An electrochemical cell and battery system including cells, each cell including a catholyte, an anolyte, and a separator disposed between the catholyte and anolyte and that is permeable to the at least one ionic species (for example, a metal cation or the hydroxide ion). The catholyte solution includes a ferricyanide, permanganate, manganate, sulfur, and/or polysulfide compound, and the anolyte includes a sulfide and/or polysulfide compound. These electrochemical couples may be embodied in various physical architectures, including static (non-flowing) architectures or in flow battery (flowing) architectures.

Aqueous polysulfide-based electrochemical cell

Systems and method for optimal control of one or more energy storage systems are provided. Based on live, historical, and/or forecast data received from one or more data sources, one or more forecasts of one or more parameters relating to the operation of the one or more energy storage systems and an associated forecast uncertainty may be calculated by various forecasting techniques. Using one or more optimization techniques, an optimal dispatch schedule for the operation of the one or more energy storage systems may be created based on the forecasts. The optimal dispatch schedule may be used to determine one or more energy storage system parameters, which are used to control the operation of the energy storage systems.

System and method for optimal control of energy storage system

Systems, methods, and devices may enable management of a renewable power asset. A control device may generate a Day-Ahead (DA) pricing model, a Real-Time (RT) pricing model and a renewable generation model for the renewable power asset. Optimal DA commitments may be determined, and an optimal RT schedule estimated. A DA power delivery strategy and an RT power delivery strategy may be determined. The determined DA and RT power delivery strategies may be evaluated based on obtained real power prices. The DA and RT power delivery strategies may be redetermined, and the renewable power asset may be controlled to deliver power the DA and RT power delivery strategies. The value of the renewable power asset may be maximized while bounding financial risks and returns associated with scheduling the renewable power asset as tailored to risk preferences of the renewable power asset owner or operator.

Systems and methods for managing a renewable power asset

Systems and methods for optimal planning and real-time control of energy storage systems for multiple simultaneous applications are provided. Energy storage applications can be analyzed for relevant metrics such as profitability and impact on the functionality of the electric grid, subject to system-wide and energy storage hardware constraints. The optimal amount of storage capacity and the optimal operating strategy can then be derived for each application and be prioritized according to a dispatch stack, which can be statically or dynamically updated according to data forecasts. Embodiments can consist of both planning tools and real-time control algorithms.

Energy storage modeling and control

Systems and methods for optimal control of one or more energy storage systems are provided. Based on live, historical, and/or forecast data received from one or more data sources, one or more forecasts of one or more parameters relating to the operation of the one or more energy storage systems and an associated forecast uncertainty may be calculated by various forecasting techniques. Using one or more optimization techniques, an optimal dispatch schedule for the operation of the one or more energy storage systems may be created based on the forecasts. The optimal dispatch schedule may be used to determine one or more energy storage system parameters, which are used to control the operation of the energy storage systems.

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Boston, MA, United States of America

Marco Ferrara