Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations LLC

Baker Hughes, a Ge Compnay, LLC

Baker Hughes Holdings LLC

Marc Stephen Ramirez

Stanislav W Forgang

Baoyan Li

Elan Yogeswaren

Otto N Fanini

Carl M Edwards

Babak Kouchmeshky

Quming Zhou

Feyzi Inanc

Peng Yuan

Joseph Olaiya

Ryan Rocheleau

Freddy Mendez

Douglas J Patterson

Vimal Vinod Shah

Roger Steinsiek

Sushant Dutta

Wei Han

Xiaochu Yao

Allan Jones

Pawel J Matuszyk

Youssef Boulaknadal

Vimal Shah

Dalila Balmaceda

Stanislav Wilhelm Forgang

In at least one embodiment, a well inspection method and system is disclosed. The method includes transmitting an acoustic signal from a well inspection tool into a casing structure, receiving return signals from the casing structure to the well inspection tool, performing, using at least one processor associated with the well inspection tool, a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on a plurality of frequencies of the return signals to generate spectrogram data, determining entropy spectra from the spectrogram data, and determining casing loadings associated with the casing structure based at least in part on the entropy spectra.

Characterization system and method for casing loading using entropy analysis

A method and system to be used in well inspection. An acoustic signal is transmitted from a well inspection tool into a well structure and one or more return signals is detected using at least one receiver. At least one processor is used to generate variable density log (VDL) data that includes multiple waveforms in a time domain from the one or more return signals. A number of independent components to be used based on variances in the VDL data is determined and the multiple waveforms are decomposed into multiple components associated with one or more local structure variances of the well structure using independent component analysis (ICA) and the number of independent components. Characteristics of the well structure is determined based in part on patterns or features associated with one or more independent components from the multiple components.

System and method for diagnosing borehole structure variances using independent component analysis

In at least one embodiment, a well inspection method and system enables transmission of an acoustic signal from a well inspection tool into a well structure and reception of return signals from the well structure at an array of receivers on the well inspection tool. The method and system enable performing of Short-Term Fourier Transform (STFT) on the return signals to generate spectrogram data that is used to determine short-term power spectra of the return signals. Time-dependent frequency response and location-dependent waveform propagation patterns are identified from the short-term power spectra. Cement bonding conditions is determined based on pattern matching using the time-dependent frequency response patterns and using the location-dependent waveform propagation patterns.

Systems and methods for cement evaluation through tubing using short-term frequency responses

A method for determining a tubing deviation from nuclear measurement data includes acquiring neutron measurement data from a wellbore. The method also includes identifying one or more features from the neutron measurement data. The method further includes determining, based at least in part on a pattern matching algorithm, that the one or more features are indicative of a tubular deviation. The method also includes determining, based at least in part on a comparison between the one or more features, a deviation amount.

Systems and methods for determining tubing deviations

A device for generating oscillating signals includes an energy transfer device configured to apply an oscillating signal to a sensitive volume, and a resonant tuning circuit including the energy transfer device. The tuning circuit includes a tuning capacitor configured to cause the tuning circuit to resonate at a selected frequency, and an energy storage device. The transmitting device also includes a controller configured to apply a pulse sequence to the tuning circuit having a series of pulses, the energy storage device configured to retain electrical energy at an end of a first pulse, and discharge the electrical energy to the tuning circuit at an onset of a next pulse of the pulse sequence.

Efficient damped pulsed energy transmitter

A method for characterizing a bond between a first tubular disposed in a borehole and a structure outside of the tubular, the method includes transmitting a signal into and through the first tubular using a signal transmitter conveyed through the borehole and detecting a return signal using a return signal receiver conveyed through the borehole to provide return signal information in a time domain. The method also includes transforming the return signal information in the time domain to return signal information in a frequency domain using a transform and determining a difference between the return signal information in the frequency domain and reference frequency domain return signal information. The method further includes characterizing the bond of the first tubular to the structure outside of the first tubular using the difference to provide a characterization of the bond.

Quantifying cement bonding quality of cased-hole wells using a quality index based on frequency spectra

Methods and logging systems for performing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging in downhole operations are described. The methods include performing a scout logging acquisition operation using an NMR logging tool to determine NMR logging parameters of a formation interval, setting an NMR logging acquisition mode based on the NMR logging parameters from the scout logging acquisition operation, and performing an NMR data logging operation to determine properties of the formation interval based on the set NMR logging acquisition mode.

Adaptive real-time nuclear magnetic resonance logging for subsurface operations

An apparatus for performing a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurement in a borehole penetrating a subsurface formation includes an NMR tool having an outside diameter that is less than an inside diameter of a drill tubular disposed in the borehole, the drill tubular having an opening at the distal end of the drill tubular leading into the borehole, and a retaining device configured to allow at least a section of the NMR tool to protrude through the opening of the drill tubular and prevent an unrestrained release of the NMR tool through the opening. The apparatus also includes a transmitter antenna and a receiver antenna coupled to the NMR tool, wherein the transmitter antenna and/or the receiver antenna are extendable from the NMR tool.

Through-bit reconfigurable NMR logging tool

An NMR measurement apparatus includes a transmitting antenna including a transmitter coil, a capacitor, a dissipating component and a restricting component, and a receiving antenna physically separated from the transmitting antenna. A processor is configured to apply a drive signal at a first voltage level to generate a transmission signal having a selected transmission frequency, where the receiving antenna is deactivated during generation, connect the dissipating component to the transmitter coil to dissipate stored energy in the transmitter coil, connect the restricting component to the transmitter coil to restrict the transmitting antenna to a second voltage level smaller than the first voltage level and based on a voltage of NMR signals from the sensitive volume, activate the receiving antenna and detect a NMR signal, where the restricting component is connected to the transmitter coil and restricts the transmitting antenna during the activating and the detecting.

Control of tranmsitting and receving antenna properties to reduce electromagnetic coupling

An apparatus for performing a downhole nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment on a subsurface material in a volume of interest includes: a carrier configured to be conveyed through a borehole penetrating the subsurface material; an NMR sensor assembly disposed on the carrier and comprising a static magnetic field source configured to polarize nuclei of the subsurface material in the volume of interest and an antenna configured to receive NMR signals; and a receiver circuit disposed on the NMR sensor assembly and configured to process received NMR signals to perform the downhole NMR experiment; wherein (i) the receiver circuit is disposed in a pressure-excluding enclosure and (ii) the antenna, the static magnetic field source, and the pressure-excluding enclosure are disposed in a pressure-balancing fluid that is at least partially enclosed by an enclosure of non-metallic material.

Downhole NMR tool with receiver on sensor

A downhole logging tool includes a radiation generation source operable to emit radiation into a formation surrounding the tool and a radiation detector operable to detect backscattered radiation from the formation surrounding the tool. The tool also includes a sleeve positioned around the radiation generation source, the sleeve including at least one aperture for forming a pathway for a radiation beam, emitted from the radiation generation source, to enter the formation, the sleeve being rotatable about an axis of the tool to change a position of the aperture to distinctly inspect different regions of the formation.

System and method for a downhole gamma ray instrument

A downhole logging tool includes a radiation generation source operable to emit radiation into a formation surrounding the tool, a radiation detector fixed relative to the radiation generation source and operable to detect backscattered radiation from the formation surrounding the tool, and a sleeve positioned around the radiation detector to shield the radiation detector from a first portion of the backscattered radiation. The sleeve includes at least one aperture for exposing the radiation detector to a second portion of the backscattered radiation, in which the second portion of the backscattered radiation emanates from an inspected region of the formation facing the at least one aperture. A signal measured at the radiation detector corresponds to the inspected region of the formation, and the position of the at least one aperture is changeable with respect to the formation to distinctly inspect different regions of the formation.

Systems and methods for downhole logging with enhanced sensitivity and azimuthal resolution

A method for transforming an earth formation and/or a completion component for the earth formation based on estimating a parameter of the earth formation includes: performing a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment on the earth formation, the NMR experiment includes transmitting an initial radio-frequency (RF) pulse and a series of refocusing RF pulses; detecting a truncated free induction decay (FID) signal following the initial RF pulse and a spin echo following at least one refocusing RF pulse, the truncated FID signal missing an initial part of a total FID signal; reconstructing the total FID signal using the truncated FID signal, the detected spin echo, and a calculated or measured time between end of transmitting the initial RF pulse and beginning of receiving the truncated FID signal; estimating the parameter using the total FID signal; and transforming the earth formation and/or the completion component based on the estimated property using transformation-equipment.

Method and apparatus to detect free induction decay NMR signals

A nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus includes a magnet assembly, a transmitting antenna configured to generate an oscillating magnetic field in a sensitive volume within an earth formation, and one or more receiving antennas configured to detect a nuclear magnetic resonance signal originating in the sensitive volume. The one or more receiving antennas are arranged relative so that the one or more receiving antennas are inductively decoupled from the transmitting antenna, a first portion of the surface area of the one or more receiving antennas overlapping a first region of the transmitting antenna in which a magnetic flux of the transmitting antenna is in a first direction, and a second portion of the surface area of the one or more receiver antennas overlapping a second region of the transmitting antenna in which the magnetic flux is in a second direction predominantly opposed to the first direction.

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Missouri City, TX, United States of America

Marc Stephen Ramirez