Sri International

Osaka Gas Company Limited

Solera Laboratories, Inc.

St. Jude Medical, Inc.

Commtech International Management Corporation

Teknekron Sensor Development Corporation

Teknekron Corporation

Marc J Madou

Takaaki Otagawa

Arden Sher

Christopher J Spindt

Michael J Tierney

Jose P Joseph

Saad Al Kenany

Subhash C Narang

Eugene R Westerberg

Christopher E Holland

Zoila Reyes

Arvind Jina

Virginia G Rimer

Sharon W Wing

Joel F Jensen

Pepi Ross

Scott Gaisford

Sharon Wing

Arvind N Jina

Leonor A Wachsman

A nano power cell and method of use are described wherein the nano power cell absorbs electromagnetic energy is nano particles in an optical fluid that flow in microchannels of the nano power cell.

Nano power cell and method of use

The present invention relates to a method to produce a thin film three dimensional microelectrode of an electrically conductive polymer having an organized array of identical microprotrusions, which method comprises:

Photolithographic and electron beam lithographic fabrication of micron

A micromachined valve and valve array having one or more pores which are electrochemically opened and closed by dissolving and redepositing a barrier layer across a tiny opening or pore in substrate. The pore is spanned by two electrodes which apply a voltage to an electrolytic barrier layer material which dissolves in an electrolyte. Each open pore has a distinct flow rate related to its minimal cross-sectional area which together can form a binary sized array with each subsequent member in the array having a flow rate twice as large as the preceding member in the array. Any integral multiple of the smallest flow rate may be achieved by opening an appropriate combination of the pores with addressing logic. In a preferred embodiment, each bit in a binary representation of the desired flow rate acts as a switch for a pore having a flow rate corresponding to the bit position.

Micro-electrochemical valves and method

A sensor for gaseous and vaporous species is disclosed. The sensor comprises an electrically insulated substrate which contains small pores passing completely through it. Electrodes consisting of metallic or semiconductor material are deposited onto the top surface of the substrate. In a first embodiment of the invention, an electrolyte is placed on the top surface of the substrate in such a manner as to create a gas or vapor permeable electrolyte layer on top of the electrodes. In a second embodiment of the invention, the electrolyte is applied to the bottom surface of the substrate and seeps up through the porous holes of the substrate until it makes contact with the electrodes. Both embodiments result in a gas sensor with a response time dependent upon the gas flow rate rather than the time required for the gas to be dissolved in the electrolyte layer and be detected.

Microsensors for gaseous and vaporous species

The present invention concerns a three dimensional conductive organic polymer covered micro structure having improved current carrying capacity as compared to a substantially smooth surface. More specifically, it relates to a three-dimensional poly(aniline) or poly(pyrrole)-substrate micro structure for use as a battery electrode, having improved properties as compared to a substantially smooth surface, which structure comprises: a thin surface layer of poly(aniline) or poly(pyrrole) film on a substrate surface, wherein the polyaniline or poly(pyrrole) film has a thickness of between about 0.1 and 10 microns and the substrate surface is irregular or patterned having a protruding surface, wherein representative protrusions amount to between about 40 to 90 percent of the surface of the electrode. The processes to produce the three-dimensional microstructure are also disclosed.

Three-dimensional microstructure as a substrate for a battery electrode

The present invention relates to an electrically conducting polymer, the water-insoluble polymer having essentially permanent self-doping properties, and the polynmer comprises:

Permanently doped polyaniline and method thereof

An electrolytic sensor is set forth for measuring the amounts of an ionic and of a vaporous species in a liquid. The system has an electrode sensitive to an ionic species and another electrode sensitive to a vaporous species. A unitary membrane covers the electrodes and the requisite electrolyte with the membrane being permeable to the vaporous species, impermeable to the liquid and having dispersed in it an ionophore which senses the ionic species via selective transfer into the membrane of a quantity of the ionic species determined by the concentration of the ionic species in the liquid. Such quantities as hydrogen ion concentration, carbon dioxide concentration and oxygen concentration can be determined by a single electrolytic cell structure.

Multi-analyte sensing electrolytic cell

The present invention relates to a process of manufacture of an essentially smooth texture-free conductive polymer comprising poly(dithiophene) which is subsequently doped with a dopant comprising an organometallic compound, preferably an optionally substituted metal phthalocyanine. Specifically, the process relates to a process to produce a smooth, texture-free conductive polymer comprising poly(dithiophene) and an organometallic compound which process comprises:

Tetrasulfonated metal phthalocyanine doped electrically conducting

The present invention relates to solid materials for use as electrolyte for a fuel cell, or for a sensor, or as a catalyst. Representative structures include lanthanum fluoride, lead potassium fluoride, lead bismuth fluoride, lanthanum strontium fluoride, lanthan strontium lithium fluoride, calcium uranium, cesium fluoride, PbSnFy, KSn.sub.2 F.sub.4, SrCl.sub.2.KCl, LaOF.sub.2, PbSnF.sub.8.PbSnO, lanthanum oxyfluoride, oxide, calcium fluoride, SmNdFO, and the like. In another aspect, the present invention relates to a composite and a process to obtain it of the formula:

Solid compositions for fuel cells, sensors and catalysts

A solder interconnection for forming vias between first and second substrates comprises a plurality of solder containing wells extending into a flat surface of the first substrate, the solder in each well being soldered to one of a corresponding plurality of conductor posts extending outwardly from a flat surface of the second substrate. The plurality of the wells are created in a pattern, an aliquot of solder is deposited in each well, with the aliquots being of substantially no greater volume than that of the well it occupies, the posts are provided in aligned array with the pattern, the solder is melted, the posts are inserted and the solder solidifies. Very closely placed vias can be formed.

Method of forming a plurality of solder connections

The present invention relates to an electrically conducting polymer, the water-insoluble polymer having essentially permanent self-doping properties, and the polymer comprises:

The present invention relates to a process for the production of an electrochromic electrically conductive composite membrane, which process comprises:

Composite polymers of polyaniline with metal phthalocyanine and

The present invention relates to solid materials for use as solid electrolytes for a fuel cell. Specifically, the invention relates to a solid O.sup.2- conducting material for use as an electrolyte for a fuel cell, comprising:

Solid compositions for fuel cell electrolytes

The present invention is concerned with electrode structures and microsensors having fast response times and high sensitivity and to methods using such structures and/or microsensors. This is accomplished in any one of several ways. In one, the sensing and counter electrodes are positioned close enough together on an active area so that ion migration therebetween is fast. The thickness of the electrolytic medium on the active area is restricted to be no more than about 10 microns so that diffusion therethrough between the electrodes is at least as fast as the ion migration. In another, the sensing electrode may have outwardly extending portions extending beyond the electrolytic medium and not being covered thereby. Or, conductive particles can be distributed in the electrolytic medium. Or the medium can be very thin. Or, the electrodes can be interdigited. Combinations of the above structural features are also set forth.

Growing community of inventors

Palo Alto, CA, United States of America

Marc J Madou