Lucent Technologies Inc.

Lgs Innovations LLC

Alcatel Lucent

Alcatel-lucent USA Inc.

At&t Ipm Corp.

Marc J Beacken

David J Bishop

Matthias Imboden

George Kenneth Kannell

Robert L Doran

Michael Jarret Holyoak

Jackson Chang

Wenwu Zhu

Kyeong Ho Yang

Richard Robert Shively

Alex Pidwerbetsky

Tor A Alden

Dennis M Romain

John E Nordman

Dominick J Imbesi

James G Turner

Paul R Gloudemans

Elizabeth A Seip

Paul S Giangrossi

The present application is directed to a MEMS device. The MEMS device includes a substrate having a first end and a second end extending along a longitudinal axis, the substrate including an electrostatic actuator. The device also includes a movable plate having a first end and a second end. The device also includes a thermal actuator having a first end coupled to the first end of the substrate and a second end coupled to the first end of the plate. The actuator moves the plate in relation to the substrate. Further, the device includes a power source electrically coupled to the thermal actuator and the substrate. The application is also directed to a method for operating a MEMS device.

MEMS device with large out-of-plane actuation and low-resistance interconnect and methods of use

The present application is directed to a tunable filter system. The system includes a resonator having an inner wall surrounding a cavity. The resonator includes a MEMS device positioned in the cavity including a substrate, a movable plate and a thermal actuator. The thermal actuator is has a first end coupled to the substrate and a second end coupled to the plate. The actuator moves the plate between a first and a second position in relation to the substrate. The application is also directed to a method for operating the tunable filter.

Widely tunable cavity filter using low voltage, large out-of-plane actuation MEMS

Dynamic optical wavebands are disclosed that allow a plurality of user streams having a common destination node to be positioned in a substantially adjacent non-overlapping manner on a spectrum for treatment as a routable entity. Each waveband has an associated center wavelength and spectral extent. The plurality of user streams can optionally be encrypted using a corresponding cipher. Wavebands that are received by a network node are filtered so that individual wavebands can be isolated, if necessary. For example, individual wavebands can be switched to an appropriate output node for forwarding in the optical network. In addition, the center wavelength and spectral extent of a waveband can be converted, if necessary, to position the waveband substantially spectrally adjacent to another waveband sharing a common path portion. In this manner, the substantially spectrally adjacent wavebands can be treated as an aggregated waveband for the common portion of a path. The disclosed wavebands can be processed only as an optical signal. The center wavelength, spectral extent and routing information associated with each waveband can optionally be processed as out-of-band signals.

Methods and apparatus for communicating dynamic optical wavebands (DOWBs)

An optical packet tray router is disclosed that manipulates a signal wavelength as the fundamental control mechanism. The disclosed optical packet tray router aggregates one or more packets in a packet tray for transmission over a network. The header information associated with each packet is used to route each packet to the appropriate destination channel and to make timing decisions. A wavelength server generates optical control wavelengths in response to the timing decisions. A generated optical control wavelength is used to adjust the wavelength of a given packet tray and thereby introduce a wavelength selective delay to the packet tray to align packet trays or to shift one or more packet trays to avoid a collision. The wavelength of the packet tray is converted to a control wavelength corresponding to an identified delay, irrespective of the initial channel upon which the packet tray was received. At the output stage of the packet tray router, the packet tray wavelength can be converted to any desired output channel wavelength.

Optical packet tray router

A method and apparatus are disclosed for temporally shifting one or more packets using wavelength selective delays. The header information associated with each packet, together with a routing algorithm, routing topology information and internal OPTR state, is used to route each packet to the appropriate destination channel and to make timing decisions. A wavelength server generates optical control wavelengths in response to the timing decisions. A generated optical control wavelength is used to adjust the wavelength of a given packet tray and thereby introduce a wavelength selective delay to the packet tray to align packet trays or to shift one or more packet trays to avoid a collision. The wavelength of the packet tray is converted to a control wavelength corresponding to an identified delay, irrespective of the initial channel upon which the packet tray was received. At the output stage of the packet tray router, the packet tray wavelength can be converted to any desired output channel wavelength.

Method and apparatus for temporally shifting one or more packets using wavelength selective delays

A process and apparatus is described for recovering from optical transmission degradation due to scintillation effects in optical free space. A payload bit stream is encoded into Reed-Solomon codewords. These are fragmented and distributed as interleaved segments over a cell matrix of a SDRAM buffer store which is made large enough to correct a burst error occurring over 20 million consecutive bits. The rate imbalance between conventional read vs. write operations for SDRAM devices, which would otherwise obviate their use in this application by preventing real time operation, is overcome by an address remapping that avoids having to changing page addresses each time SDRAM memory is referenced. The remapping facilitates a more nearly equal allocation of READ overhead and WRITE overhead. An optical communications system employs at both the transmit and receive ends, substantially equivalent SDRAM buffer with address remapping capability.

Reducing scintillation effects for optical free-space transmission

A system and method to convert a CIF compressed video to a QCIF video bitstream provides compatibility between the various digital video sources and application uses. A coding mode and a motion vector for a macroblock in a QCIF video sequence are selected from those of a corresponding CIF video sequence without motion estimation.

CIF to QCIF video bitstream down conversion

A composite image generator for generating a multi-image composite from a plurality of individual compressed images is disclosed. Multi-image composites are generated from static images or from a video stream with significantly reduced computation, reduced latency for video processing and reduced storage requirements. The individual images may be compressed with a JPEG image encoder or another suitable intraframe image encoder, such as those implementing the MPEG-II standard. In the illustrative embodiment, four (4) individual images of equal size, compressed using the JPEG standard, are combined into a multi-image composite with a single individual image in each quadrant of the composite image. Multi-image composites are created without fully decoding each individual compressed image, by partially decoding the individual compressed images and only fully decoding a small portion of each image. Multi-image composites are created from N individual compressed images by initially decoding the data of the N compressed images only enough to identify where each row of 8.times.8 blocks end, so that the image data may be reordered in an appropriate manner. As each 8.times.8 block is detected, the input image data is copied to the output image data to create the multi-image composite. The desired composite configuration determines the order of processing the N input images. Since each codeword may encode more than one coefficient, and each codeword may be of variable length, detection tables preferably indicate the number of bits encapsulated in each codeword and the number of coefficients represented by these bits. As the input image data is evaluated, the number of coefficients may be counted until all of the coefficients in a block have been processed, or until an end-of-block codeword is detected. The DC difference values at the border of each individual image must be recalculated to reflect the reordering of the pixels, since the DC coefficient in each block is encoded relative to the DC coefficient from the previous block, which will be different for certain blocks in the reordered multi-image composite image.

Method and apparatus for generating a composite image from individual

Video camera unit mounted on a personal computer monitor

Growing community of inventors

Randolph Township, NJ, United States of America

Marc J Beacken