Siemens Aktiengesellschaft

Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc.

Bruker Axs Analytical X-ray Systems Gmbh

Paul Scherrer Institut

Manfred Schuster

Stefan Popescu

Thomas Mertelmeier

Martin Hoheisel

Eckhard Hempel

Joachim W Baumann

Martin Engelhardt

Jörg Freudenberger

Franz Pfeiffer

Christian David

Herbert Goebel

Carsten Michaelsen

Matthias Honal

Ruediger Bormann

Stefan Prof Popescu

Franz Prof Pfeiffer

In a focus detector arrangement and method for an x-ray apparatus for generating projection or tomographic phase-contrast images of an examination subject, a beam of coherent x-rays is generated by an anode that has areas of different radiation emission characteristics arranged in bands thereon, that proceed parallel to grid lines of a phase grid that is used to generate the phase-contrast images.

Focus detector arrangement and method for generating contrast x-ray images

A method and a measurement system are disclosed for the noninvasive determination of properties of an object to be examined and to the use of a contrast medium for X-ray phase-contrast measurement. in at least one embodiment of the invention, a mixture (suspension) consisting of a base liquid and a multiplicity of particles contained therein is used, the refractive index of the base liquid being different to the refractive index of the particles.

Measurement system and method for the noninvasive determination of properties of an object to be examined and contrast medium X-ray phase-contrast measurement

An X-ray optical transmission grating of a focus-detector arrangement of an X-ray apparatus is disclosed, for generating projective or tomographic phase contrast recordings of a subject. In at least one embodiment, the grating includes a multiplicity of grating bars and grating gaps arranged periodically on at least one surface of at least one wafer, wherein the X-ray optical transmission grating includes at least two sub-gratings arranged in direct succession in the beam direction.

X-ray optical transmission grating of a focus-detector arrangement of an X-ray apparatus for generating projective or tomographic phase contrast recordings of a subject

A focus-detector arrangement of an X-ray apparatus is disclosed for generating projective or tomographic phase contrast recordings with a phase grating. According to at least one embodiment of the invention, in the gaps between its bars, the phase grating includes a filler material whose linear attenuation coefficient in the relevant energy range is greater than that of the bars. The height of the filler material in the gaps is dimensioned on the one hand so that the X-radiation with the energy used for measuring the phase shift generates a phase shift in the X-radiation such that, after the phase grating, the rays which pass through the bars are phase shifted by one half wavelength relative to the rays which pass through the gaps with the filler material. Further, the height of the filler material in the gaps on the other hand is dimensioned so that the attenuation of the X-radiation, at least in relation to the energy used for measuring the phase shift, is the same when passing through the bars and when passing through the filler material.

Focus-detector arrangement for generating projective or tomographic phase contrast recordings with X-ray optical gratings

A focus-detector arrangement includes a radiation source with a focus, arranged on a first side of the subject, for generating a fan-shaped or conical beam of rays; at least one X-ray optical grating arranged in the beam path, with at least one phase grating arranged on the opposite second side of the subject in the beam path generating an interference pattern of the X-radiation preferably, in a particular energy range; and an analysis-detector system which detects at least the interference pattern generated by the phase grating in respect of its phase shift with position resolution. According to at least one embodiment of the invention, at least one X-ray optical grating including bars which are free from overhangs form shadows in the beam path of the fan-shaped or conical beam of rays.

Focus-detector arrangement of an X-ray apparatus for generating projective or tomographic phase contrast recordings

A focus-detector arrangement of an X-ray apparatus is disclosed, for generating projective or tomographic phase contrast recordings of a subject. In at least one embodiment, least one grating of a focus-detector arrangement includes, at least partially, a macroscopically homogeneous medium which, when excited by an energy source, assumes a periodic structure/standing wave field that leads to beam splitting and the formation of an interference pattern when the X-ray beam passes through.

Focus-detector arrangement with X-ray optical grating for phase contrast measurement

A method and a measuring arrangement are disclosed for nondestructive analysis of an examination object. In at least one embodiment of the method, x-radiation having a specific energy spectrum is generated by an x-ray source, with the aid of at least one x-ray/optical grating in the beam path of the x-radiation there is generated a standing wave field of this x-radiation that is positioned at least partially in the examination object, and the radiation excited by the x-ray standing wave field in the examination object is measured as a function of at least one relative position between the examination object and the x-ray standing wave field. Further, a material distribution in the examination object is inferred from the measurement result of the radiation excited by the x-ray standing wave field.

Method and measuring arrangement for nondestructive analysis of an examination object by means of x-radiation

A focus-detector arrangement of an X-ray apparatus is disclosed for generating projective or tomographic phase contrast recordings of an observed region of a subject. In at least one embodiment, the arrangement includes a radiation source which emits a coherent or quasi-coherent X-radiation and irradiates the subject, a phase grating which is arranged behind the subject in the beam path of the radiation source and generates an interference pattern of the X-radiation in a predetermined energy range, and an analysis-detector system which detects at least the interference pattern generated by the phase grating in respect of its phase shift with position resolution. Further, the beam path of the X-radiation used diverges in at least one plane between the focus and the detector.

The invention concerns a phase contrast X-ray device for creating a phase contrast image of at least one object with at least one X-ray source for generating an X-radiation that has a specific spatial coherence within a specific optical distance to the X-ray source and at least one evaluation unit for converting the X-radiation after the X-radiation has passed through the object arranged within the optical distance to the X-ray source in the phase contrast image of the object. The X-ray source has an output ranging from 50 W up to and including 10 kW and a spatial coherence length of the X-radiation has been selected within the optical distance to the X-ray source ranging from 0.05 &#x3bc;m.

Phase contrast X-ray device for creating a phase contrast image of an object and method for creating the phase contrast image

Some embodiments include a ring anode to emit radiation, and a conical monochromator to monochromatize the emitted radiation. According to some aspects, an outer diameter of the ring anode is greater than an outer diameter of a base of the monochromator.

System to generate therapeutic radiation

An X-ray analysis apparatus having a curved paraboloid-shaped curved graded multilayer Bragg reflector (,) is characterized in that the layers of the reflector (,) are directly introduced onto a concave curved surface of a paraboloid-shaped hollow substrate and a maximum allowable shape deviation for the concave substrate surface facing the reflector is &Dgr;p&equals;{square root over (2px)} &Dgr;&thgr;,, and having a maximum allowable waviness

X-ray analysis apparatus with a graded multilayer mirror

An X-ray generator has an anode formed by an electrically conductive fluid having a flat surface on which focused electrons are incident, so that X-rays are generated at a solid angle with respect to the surface, with .alpha..sub.2C being the critical angle of total reflection. For enhancing the spectral brilliance of the X-rays, a method and apparatus are disclosed wherein X-rays at a specific angle .alpha..sub.2 are tapped (the 'tap angle'), with .alpha..sub.2 satisfying the condition .alpha..sub.2C &lt;.alpha..sub.2 &lt;3.alpha..sub.2C.

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Munich, Germany

Manfred Schuster