Citizen Watch Company, Ltd.

Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.

Kri International, Inc.

Mamoru Aizawa

Motoyuki Toki

Yorinobu Yamada

Yukimi Takahashi

Shinichi Sakamaki

Shinichi Sato

Tomoya Hidaka

Izuo Aoki

Toru Kawabe

Atsushi Mori

Shigemi Suga

Masayuchi Sato

Mitsuhiro Yanagita

A ferroelectric element comprising a ferroelectric material containing at least two metals, the ferroelectric element having been produced by a process including a sol-gel process in the presence of a thickener and/or an association preventive from aqueous solutions of respective salts of the metals. The ferroelectric element is advantageous in that the handling of starting compounds and the production of the ferroelectric element are easy, the storage stability of the starting compound solution is good, the cost is low, the ferroelectric element can be formed as a thin layer, particles on the surface of the thin layer are fine and dense, and, hence, the surface smoothness is good. The ferroelectric element is excellent also in piezoelectric properties and therefore can be advantageously used as a piezoelectric element in a piezoelectric ink jet head.

Ferroelectric element and process for producing the same

A ferroelectric element, having a ferroelectric material containing at least two metals, the ferroelectric element having been produced by a process including the steps of: providing alkoxides of the respective metals as starting compounds; hydrolyzing the metal alkoxides in the presence of a catalytic amount of a protonic acid to increase the molecular weight; and adding a film-forming polymer material to the sol-like solution prepared in the step of increasing the molecular weight to prepare a sol-like ferroelectric precursor solution. The ferroelectric element can be formed in a thick film form without creating any cracks. It can be advantageously used as a piezoelectric element in a piezoelectric ink jet head.

Ferroelectric element process for producing the same and ink jet head

A ferroelectric element, including a ferroelectric material containing at least two metals, the ferroelectric element having been produced by a process including the steps of: providing alkoxides of the respective metals as starting compounds; hydrolyzing the metal alkoxides in the presence of a catalytic amount of a protonic acid to increase the molecular weight; and adding a film-forming polymer material to the sol-like solution prepared in the step of increasing the molecular weight to prepare a sol-like ferroelectric precursor solution. The ferroelectric element can be formed in a thick film form without creating any cracks. It can be advantageously used as a piezoelectric element in a piezoelectric ink jet head.

Ferroelectric element, process for producing the same, and ink jet head

To form a thin film of ferroelectric substance by sol-gel method, there is provided a process for obtaining a precursor solution from which a coating solution enabling to form a thin film having a film thickness enough to exhibit its property can be obtained just by one coating operation without any multi-coating. After composing a Ti alkoxide oligomer having a cyclic structure or a ladder structure by hydrolysis and poly-condensation of a Ti alkoxide and composing a Zr alkoxide oligomer by hydrolysis and polycondensation of a Zr alkoxide, the Ti alkoxide oligomer is preliminarily hydrolyzed and reacted with the Zr alkoxide oligomer, whereby a Ti--O--Zr precursor is obtained, and a Pb(Ti--O--Zr) is obtained by reacting the Ti--O--Zr precursor with the Pb alkoxide.

Precursor solution for forming thin film of ferroelectric substance and

Fluoran compounds, intermediates and color forming recording materials

Surface treating agents comprising of an organic titanium compound containing at least one fluoropolyether radical linked by carboxy groups to the titanium and at least one hydrolyzable group, such compounds being obtained by reacting a fluoropolyether having one or more carboxylic groups with a titanium compound having at least one group able to react with carboxylic group and at least one residual hydrolyzable group per titanium atom. The surface treating agents have not only superior surface activity and anti-corrosion properties for the metal surface but are also chemically stable.

Surface treating agent and the process therefor

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Kyoto, Japan

Mamoru Aizawa