Apple Inc.

Mahesh B Chappalli

Peter F Holland

Guy Cote

Christopher P Tann

Vincent Z Young

Guy Côté

Chaohao Wang

Arthur L Spence

Koorosh Aflatooni

Yifan Zhang

Yingying Tang

Tae-Wook Koh

Alexey Kornienko

Paolo Sacchetto

Marc Albrecht

Adria Fores Herranz

Assaf Menachem

Malcolm D Gray

Jared S Price

Ionut A Mirel

Wei Hsin Yao

Jim Chen Chou

Hyunwoo Nho

Brijesh Tripathi

Joshua P De Cesare

Sheng Zhang

Nicolas P Bonnier

Gokhan Avkarogullari

Ilie Garbacea

Jenny Hu

Yunhui Hou

Venu Madhav Duggineni

Teun R Baar

Hari Ganesh R Thirunageswaram

Stephan Lachowsky

David L Bowman

Hopil Bae

Kingsuk Brahma

Jie Won Ryu

Warren S Rieutort-Louis

Sun-il Chang

Tong Chen

Serhan O Isikman

Marc Joseph DeVincentis

Kenneth John Vampola

Mahdi Farrokh Baroughi

Mark T Winkler

Wei Xiong

Hyunsoo Kim

Mohammad Ali Jangda

Rohit Kumar Gupta

Anand K Chamakura

Yuchi Che

Guocheng Shao

Myung-Je Cho

Sanjay Mani

Christopher Edward Glazowski

Rohit Natarajan

Wenrui Cai

Bartosz Ciechanowski

Graeme M Williams

Can Jin

Christopher M Dodson

Ido Y Soffair

Ross Thompson

Salman Latif

Nicolas Pierre Marie Frederic Bonnier

Saif Choudhary

Yao Shi

Changki Min

Sunmin Jang

Haitao Li

Young Don Bae

Akshay Bhat

Wanqing Xin

Hari P Paudel

Kyounghwan Kim

Yang Xu

Aditya B Nayak

Giovanni Corradini

Meir Harar

Feng Wen

Steven N Hanna

Hei Kam

Ximeng Guan

Patrick R Cruce

Asha G Karvaje

Yan Guan

Clint M Perlaki

David R Manly

Hyun H Boo

Kevin J Choboter

Lu Yan

Na Zhu

Gautam Agrawal

Si Mohamed Aziz Sbai

Timothy M Henigan

Daniel Yechiel Dar

Aishwarya Prem Renu

Image data for a current image frame may be compensated for transient response variations due to variations at various positions of the display panel by performing pixel drive compensation. The pixel drive compensation may be performed based at least in part upon a multi-frame history of the display panel. In this way, drive compensation corresponding to multi-frame history of a display panel may be implemented.

Temperature-based pixel drive compensation

Embodiments herein provide various apparatuses and techniques to efficiently mitigate front-of-screen (FoS) artifacts that may occur due to voltage fluctuations due to alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) mechanisms that may occur in a variety of pixel types. In one embodiment, emission profile awareness circuitry may be implemented to mitigate for FoS artifacts due to DC mechanisms. Two-dimensional (2D) digital compensation circuitry may address the DC portion of the voltage fluctuations by accounting for an emission profile applied to content displayed on an electronic display. In some embodiments, the 2D digital compensation circuitry may compensate for the AC portion of the voltage fluctuations by duplicating the AC voltage fluctuations via voltage error subtraction circuitry and voltage error accumulation circuitry.

Feedforward compensation of high-luminance banding Mura compensation

To mitigate undesirable outcomes due to crosstalk in an ambient light sensor reading resulting from light emission from an electronic display, statistics may be gathered to determine and compensate for the crosstalk. For example, the ambient light sensor may detect ambient light levels while the electronic display is temporarily paused to reduce or eliminate crosstalk between the light produced by the electronic display and the ambient light sensor. However, the ambient light sensor may retain charge from a previous light emission, creating back-emission crosstalk. The ratio of back-emission to front-emission (e.g., present light emission) may not be linear, and the degree of nonlinearity may vary with pixel value, color component, display brightness, temperature, and so on. As the ambient light sensor is affected by back-emission, compensation for the nonlinearity between the front-emission and the back-emission may be obtained to estimate the crosstalk induced on the ambient light sensor.

Systems and methods for crosstalk mitigation between ambient light sensor and electronic display

An electronic display may include an ambient light sensor (ALS) located beneath an active area to sense ambient light above the active area. The ALS may have multiple response channels to perform fast sensing integration, which is synchronized with blanking periods of a pixel on the active area. An emission mask and a heat map may be generated for the ALS and used to generate a calibrated heat map for the ALS. The calibrated heat map of the ALS is used with display content to calculate a crosstalk compensation for the ALS.

System for ambient light sensing or compensation

To reduce image artifacts and non-uniformity associated with a display pixel of an electronic display, processing circuity may adjust a luminance value corresponding to a display pixel according to a per-pixel gain mask, a per-pixel anode mask, or both. To further correct for the non-uniformity, the processing circuitry may convert the luminance value to a digital code based on a curve associated with an anode on which the display pixel is located.

Display pixel non-uniformity compensation

Systems and methods are described herein to control brightness based on image content or other inputs to a display system. A dual-control system may integrate both slow control operations and fast control operations into a cohesive brightness management system. By using both shorter-term (e.g., fast control) and longer-term (e.g., slow control) brightness adjustment operations, the electronic device may quickly respond to high luminance and high brightness situations that may cause burn-in into the display, image artifacts, or other damage. Responding quickly to these high consumption situations may prevent damage or perceivable upset to an ongoing process, among other benefits.

Content dependent brightness management system

A device may include an electronic display having multiple illuminators that generate light at a first wavelength and a quantum dot layer that converts a portion of the light from the first wavelength to a second wavelength. The first wavelength may vary based on a brightness level of the illuminator, and the amount of light generated by the illuminator that is converted to the second wavelength may vary based on the first wavelength. The electronic display may also include a display pixel to regulate the light emitted from the electronic display at a pixel location based on compensated image data. The device may also include image processing circuitry to determine a luminance contribution to the light from the illuminator for the pixel location, determine per color component compensation values based on the luminance contribution, and generate the compensated image data based on the per color component compensation values.

Dynamic quantum dot color shift compensation systems and methods

A device may include an electronic display to display an image frame based on first and second color component input image data. The electronic display may include a first illuminator to generate a first light at a first brightness level, a second illuminator to generate a second light of a different color at a second brightness level, a first set of pixel locations to emit the first light based on a first set of pixel values, and a second set of pixel locations to emit the second light based on a second set of pixel values. The electronic device may also include pixel contrast control circuitry that determines the first brightness level and the first set of pixel values based on the first color component input image data and determines the second brightness level and the second set of pixel values based on the second color component input image data.

RGB pixel contrast control systems and methods

Image processing circuitry may include burn-in compensation circuitry that receives image data indicative of luminance outputs for display pixels of an electronic display and compensates the image data for burn-in related aging associated with the display pixels, generating compensated image data. Moreover, compensating the image data may include applying gains based on estimated amounts of aging associated with the display pixels and estimated amounts of current to be delivered to the display pixels. The image processing circuitry may also include burn-in statistics circuitry that tracks the estimated amounts of aging based on the compensated image data.

Micro-LED burn-in statistics and compensation systems and methods

A light emitter that operates through a display may cause display artifacts, even when the light emitter operates using non-visible wavelengths. Display artifacts caused by a light emitter that operates through a display may be referred to as emitter artifacts. To mitigate emitter artifacts, operating conditions for a display frame may be used to determine an optimal firing time for the light emitter during that display frame. The operating conditions used to determine the optimal firing time may include emitter operating conditions, display content statistics, display brightness, temperature, and refresh rate. Operating conditions from one or more previous frames may be stored in a frame buffer and may be used to help determine the optimal firing time for the light emitter during a display frame. Pixel values for the display may be modified to mitigate emitter artifacts.

Mitigating artifacts caused by an under-display light emitter

An electronic device may include an electronic display having a pixel and that displays an image based on compensated image data. The electronic device may also include image processing circuitry communicatively coupled to the electronic display. The image processing circuitry may receive image data and determine a gain value for the pixel based on an aging value of the pixel that is based on previously displayed pixel values of the pixel. The image processing circuitry may also adjust the gain value based on a pixel value of the image data corresponding to the pixel to generate an updated gain value and adjust the pixel value of the image data based on the updated gain value to generate, at least in part, the compensated image data.

Inverse pixel burn-in compensation systems and methods

An electronic device may include an electronic display having display pixels that display an image based on compensated image data. The electronic display may also include pixel drive circuitry that provides power to the display pixels in accordance with the compensated image data. Additionally, the electronic device may include burn-in compensation circuitry communicatively coupled to the electronic display that receives input image data and generates the compensated input image data based on the input image data, a pixel aging history corresponding to the display pixels, and a driver aging history corresponding to the pixel drive circuitry.

Pixel drive circuitry burn-in compensation systems and methods

This disclosure is directed toward systems and methods of pre-multiplied alpha handling during image processing operations. The image processing circuitry may include hardware that enables removal and insertion of pre-multiplied alpha content into red, green, blue (RGB) pixel values during gamma and scaling operations. The division by alpha and multiplication by alpha hardware may enable removal of pre-multiplied alpha content to RGB pixel values prior to gamma operations and insertion of pre-multiplied alpha content into RGB pixel values prior to scaling operations.

Systems and methods for processing pre-multiplied alpha content

Methods and systems include determining an upper boundary of brightness values of high-dynamic range image content. Using the determined upper boundary, end points of bins of histogram values are determined. Using the determined end points of the bins of histogram values, luma values are allocated to the bins. The high-dynamic range image content is processed based at least in part on the allocations to the bins. Image data including the processed high-dynamic range image content is displayed via an electronic display.

Dynamic allocation of dynamic bins for variable dynamic range image content

Systems, methods, and devices are provided to selectively perform a frame replay at various stages of an image processing pipeline for an electronic display. Image processing circuitry may include first compensation circuitry that compensates for a first compensation factor relating to a first physical parameter of an electronic display and second compensation circuitry that compensates for a second compensation factor relating to a second physical parameter of the electronic display. A first tap point that enables the image frame to be stored and reused may be located between the first compensation circuitry and the second compensation circuitry, while a second tap point may be located after the second compensation circuitry.

Frame replay with selectable taps

Growing community of inventors

San Jose, CA, United States of America

Mahesh B Chappalli