Exxon Research and Engineering Company

The State University of New York

Industrial Technology Research Institute

Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc.

The Research Foundation for the State University

M Stanley Whittingham

Allan J Jacobson

Carrie Siu

Russell R Chianelli

Jia Ding

Jack Wayne Johnson

Chen Ling

Fuminori Mizuno

Ruigang Zhang

Jin-Ming Chen

Gerald H Newman

Arthur H Thompson

Weir-Mirn Hurng

Yingjeng James Li

Zehua Chen

Kent H Cheng

Ruibo Zhang

The epsilon polymorph of vanadyl phosphate, ε-VOPO, made from the solvothermally synthesized HVOPO, is a high-density cathode material for lithium-ion batteries optimized to reversibly intercalate two Li-ions to reach the full theoretical capacity at least 50 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 98%. This material adopts a stable 3D tunnel structure and can extract two Li-ions per vanadium ion, giving a theoretical capacity of 305 mAh/g, with an upper charge/discharge plateau at around 4.0 V, and one lower at around 2.5 V.

ϵ-VOPOcathode for lithium ion batteries

The epsilon polymorph of vanadyl phosphate, ε-VOPO, made from the solvothermally synthesized HVOPO, is a high density cathode material for lithium-ion batteries optimized to reversibly intercalate two Li-ions to reach the full theoretical capacity at least 50 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 98%. This material adopts a stable 3D tunnel structure and can extract two Li-ions per vanadium ion, giving a theoretical capacity of 305 mAh/g, with an upper charge/discharge plateau at around 4.0 V, and one lower at around 2.5 V.

ε-VOPOcathode for lithium ion batteries

An electrode comprising a space group Pna2VOPOlattice, capable of electrochemical insertion and release of alkali metal ions, e.g., sodium ions. The VOPOlattice may be formed by solid phase synthesis of KVOPO, milled with carbon particles to increase conductivity. A method of forming an electrode is provided, comprising milling a mixture of ammonium metavanadate, ammonium phosphate monobasic, and potassium carbonate; heating the milled mixture to a reaction temperature, and holding the reaction temperature until a solid phase synthesis of KVOPOoccurs; milling the KVOPOtogether with conductive particles to form a conductive mixture of fine particles; and adding binder material to form a conductive cathode. A sodium ion battery is provided having a conductive NaVOPOcathode derived by replacement of potassium in KVOPO, a sodium ion donor anode, and a sodium ion transport electrolyte. The VOPO, preferably has a volume greater than 90 Åper VOPO.

VOPOcathode for sodium ion batteries

The epsilon polymorph of vanadyl phosphate, &#x3b5;-VOPO, made from the solvothermally synthesized HVOPO, is a high density cathode material for lithium-ion batteries optimized to reversibly intercalate two Li-ions to reach the full theoretical capacity at least 50 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 98%. This material adopts a stable 3D tunnel structure and can extract two Li-ions per vanadium ion, giving a theoretical capacity of 305 mAh/g, with an upper charge/discharge plateau at around 4.0 V, and one lower at around 2.5 V.

&#x3f5;-VOPOcathode for lithium ion batteries

An electrode comprising: NaVOPOhaving orthorhombic crystalline symmetry and space group Pna2, as an active intercalation host material, wherein the electrode is capable of electrochemical insertion and release of greater than one sodium ion per vanadium, wherein the NaVOPOis formed by a solid phase synthesis process from a heated powdered mixture of ammonium metavanadate, ammonium phosphate monobasic, and potassium carbonate, to yield KVOPOhaving corner-sharing VOoctahedra and POtetrahedra, defining two types of tunnels comprising a first type of tunnel formed of rings of two POtetrahedra and a second type of tunnel formed of rings of three POtetrahedra and three VOoctahedra, followed by substitution of the potassium ions with sodium ions.

KVOPOcathode for sodium ion batteries

A positive electrode comprising &#x3b5;-VOPOand/or Na(&#x3b5;-VOPO) wherein x is a value from 0.1 to 1.0 as an active ingredient, wherein the electrode is capable of insertion and release of sodium ions and a reversible sodium battery containing the positive electrode are provided.

Vanadyl phosphates as high energy density cathode materials for rechargeable sodium battery

An improved lithium secondary battery using a novel layered titanium phosphate having the formula of TiO(OH)(H.sub.2 PO.sub.4), or LTP, as anode material, and LiCoO.sub.2, LiNiO.sub.2, or other appropriate material, as cathode. A stable operating voltage of 3-volt can be obtained from the resultant lithium secondary battery. The layered titanium phosphate is prepared by first reacting a tetramethylammonium hydroxide (N(CH.sub.3).sub.4 OH) solution containing orthophosphoric acid with titanium dioxide in a low temperature hydrothermal reaction to form a tetramethylammonium form of layered titanium phosphate, or NMe.sub.4 TP, which serves as the precursor of LTP. The precursor NMe.sub.4 TP is then placed in a concentrated hydrochloric acid at room temperature to obtain a high purity LTP via a cation exchange reaction. Each of the Li.sub.x LTP chemical unit, which is formed after the intercalation of LTP with lithium ions, can contain two lithium ions, thus excellent lithium intercalation characteristic can be achieved as a result. Furthermore, no lithium dendrites are formed during the recharging operation which tend to puncture the partition membranae separating the anode and the cathode; therefore, the secondary lithium battery allows a safe recharging operation to be maintained.

Secondary lithium battery using a new layered anode material

A process for preparing W, Mo or mixed metal oxides thereof by oxidizing a reduced metal oxide of the formula (NH.sub.m R.sub.4-m).sub.q.sup.+ MO.sub.p where each R is independently C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 aliphatic, C.sub.7 -C.sub.14 araliphatic or C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloaliphatic with the proviso that adjacent R's, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, may form a 5, 6 or 7 membered heterocyclic ring, m is an integer from 0 to 4, q is a number from about 0.001 to 1/3, M is W or Mo and p is a number from 2 to 3 with aqueous hydrogen peroxide. The so-treated reduced metal oxide is isolated and heated in an oxygen containing atmosphere to form metal oxides of the formula MO.sub.p.

Method of preparing W or Mo metal oxides

The present invention is directed to a method of making a cathode, comprising:

Method of making cathodes derived from ammonium-metal-chalcogen compounds

The present invention is directed to electric current-producing cells having specified mixed cathodes. The cells comprise: (a) an anode having as its anode-active material one or more metals selected from the group consisting of the Periodic Table Group IA metals, Group IB metals, Group IIA metals and Group IIB metals; (b) a cathode having as its cathode-active material a mixture containing: (i) one or more cathode-active, high energy density chalcogenide compounds selected from the group consisting of VS.sub.a, VO.sub.a, C.sub.x S, MoO.sub.z and MoS.sub.z, wherein a is a numerical value of about 1.8 to about 2.7, wherein x is a numerical value of about 4 to about 16 and wherein z is a numerical value of about 2.5 to about 3.5; and (ii) one or more cathode-active, high rate chalcogenide compounds selected from the group consisting of TiS.sub.y, TiSe.sub.y and VSe.sub.y wherein y is a numerical value of about 1.8 to about 2.2; and (c) an electrolyte which is chemically inert with respect to said anode and said cathode and which permits the migration of ions between said anode and said cathode. A preferred embodiment contains a lithiumactive material anode and a cathode containing a mixture of MoS.sub.3 and TiS.sub.2.

High energy density plural chalcogenide cathode-containing cell

A novel electrochemical cell is disclosed which contains an alkali metal anode, a solid cathode, and an electrolyte containing one or more closoborane and/or closocarborane compounds in aprotic solvent. Preferred cells are those containing lithium anodes, chalcogenide cathodes and electrolytes containing one or more closoborane compounds in aprotic solvent with a chelating agent.

Cell containing an alkali metal anode, a solid cathode, and a

The present invention is directed to an electric current-producing cell which contains: A cathode having as its cathode-active material one or more compounds selected from:

Cells having cathodes derived from ammonium-molybdenum-chalcogen

The present invention is directed to an electric current-producing cell which contains:

Growing community of inventors

Fanwood, NJ, United States of America

M Stanley Whittingham