Ernst Leitz G.m.b.h.

Ludwig Leitz

Knut Heitmann

Walter Mandler

Werner H Holle

Horst Schmidt

Eckart Schneider

Hermann Eisenkopf

Knut Heitman

Klaus Dieter Schaefer

Apparatus to automatically analyze stereoscopic images comprising the determination of the maximum degree of correlation between two similar images of the same object projected by two objectives, for instance in a rangefinder, wherein the two images are superimposed on one or two spatial frequency filters identical in their structures, and wherein the particular generated superimposition signal, is preferably applied to a particular photoelectric detector and wherein the output signals from the latter are used for display and/or control purposes. The apparatus is improved by a system (20,20',21,21',22-25; 30-34) for generating a reference beam indicating mechanical changes affecting the image position of at least one of the measuring beams, at least one photoelectric detector (28,29;40) being associated with the one reference beam, the output signals from the one detector corresponding to the mechanical changes being used to display and/or correct the changes or the effects of same.

Apparatus for measurement of mechanical aberrations affecting

A system for determining photoelectrically the position of at least one focus plane of an image within an optical apparatus, wherein the object is reproduced at least at one spatial frequency filter of an optical image correlator and there is measurement and/or display of the light fluxes leaving the local frequency filter. In this system light fluxes traversing differing pupil sections of the reproducing optics are modulated in common by a spatial frequency filter and are split up geometrically or physically, or by means of additional modulation in correspondence with the pupil sections. They are consecutively or simultaneously projected on a common photoelectric receiver or on separate photoelectric receivers, the output signals of which are processed further for purposes of controlling display and/or follow-up devices.

Method and apparatus for photoelectrically determining the position of

An improved photographic still pocket camera, where the film is inserted in a cassette provided with a feed part or spool and a take-up part or spool, these parts or spools connected by a film guide ledge. A zoom lens is mounted inside the camera, with the picture-taking beam path of the zoom lens located essentially parallel to the film plane and hence transverse to the direction of picture taking. The movable lens elements of the zoom lens are also movable parallel to the film plane.

Still pocket camera

Means for stabilizing the line of sight between an object and an optical viewing system which can move relative to each other, characterized in that electrical signals are derived with the aid of an optical grating (3',3') as a correlator, which signals correspond to the deviation from the line of sight (4) with respect to magnitude, direction, and arithmetic symbol; and that these signals are fed to a follower system (11,12) such as disclosed in L. M. Biberman: Reticles in Electro-Optical Devices, Pergamon Press, 1966, p. 45 which displaces the line of sight (4) until the original condition has been restored and the deviation has become zero again.

Apparatus for stabilizing a line of sight

The maximum braking or powering effect due to changing road conditions, preferably for the case of full braking of a rubber-tired vehicle is determined in the system of the present invention during normal driving conditions. In this system measurement apparatus known per se are used wherein 1. acceleration or deceleration and/or powering or braking torques, and simultaneously 2. the positive or negative slippages occuring from at least one powered or braked running member Are measured and compared with one another as a function of time over a predetermined period, and the characteristics obtained possibly following intermediate storage from this comparison are fed to a display system and/or, following comparison with other data relating to extant traffic conditions, are fed to a control or regulation system so as to act on the braking or powering system.

System for achieving a maximum braking effect

In an apparatus, an imaging system, at least one optically effective grating and a photoelectric receiver system are employed for determining the relative position of the plane of maximum amplitude of a spatial frequency component in the image of an object. The imaging system produces from light fluxes emanating from the object and traversing different regions of the entrance pupil of the imaging system an image of the object in a first, a second and a third intermediate image plane. The focussing screen mounted in the first plane is used for subjectively observing and focussing the object as well as for transmitting light fluxes to the optically effective grating which defines a given spatial frequency component and which is mounted at least in the vicinity of the second intermediate image plane for commonly modulating and splitting the light fluxes. The photoelectric receiver system generates therefrom electrical output signals used in devices for indicating and adjusting the sharp focussing of the object.

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Wetzlar, Germany

Ludwig Leitz