Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft

Aluminum Pechiney

Ludolf Plass

Lothar Reh

Philippe Marchessaux

Martin Hirsch

Karl Lohrberg

Harry Serbent

Hans Beisswenger

Hans-Werner Schmidt

Rolf Graf

Georg Daradimos

Hans Werner Schmidt

Gunther Haas

Gunter Schoene

Raman Sood

Disclosed is a process of carrying out a combined gas turbine and steam turbine process of increased efficiency. A fuel gas is produced at a temperature of from 900.degree. to 1100.degree. C. in a circulating fluidized bed by a gasification of 70 to 95 wt. % of the carbon contained in the carbonaceous material and is treated at a temperature of from 850.degree. to 950.degree. C. with suspended solids consisting of calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide and/or calcium carbonate-containing solids to remove pollutants. The main portion of the fuel gas is burnt to produce a gas which is used to operate the gas turbine and which contains at least 5% by volume oxygen and is at a temperature of at least 1000.degree. C. Combustion of the carbonaceous gasification residue to produce process steam is performed in a second circulating fluidized bed at a temperature of from 800.degree. to 950.degree. C. under near-stoichiometric conditions by a treatment with oxygen-containing gases, which are supplied on different levels in at least two partial streams and mainly consist of exhaust gas from the gas turbine. The desulfurized fuel gas is preferably cooled to a temperature in the range from 350.degree. to 600.degree. C. and is freed from halides.

Combined gas and steam turbine process

In a process of simultaneously producing fuel gas and process heat from carbonaceous materials wherein the carbonaceous materials are gasified in a first fluidized bed stage and the combustible constituents left after the gasification are subsequently burnt in a second fluidized bed stage the throughput rate and the flexibility are increased in that the gasification is carried out at a pressure of up to 5 bars and a temperature of 800.degree. to 1100.degree. C. by a treatment with oxygen-containing gases in the presence of steam in a circulating fluidized bed and 40 to 80% of the carbon contained in the starting material are thus reacted. Sulfur compounds are removed from the resulting gas in a fluidized state at a temperature in the range from 800.degree. to 1000.degree. C. and the gas is then cooled and subjected to dust collection. The gasification residue together with the by-products which have become available in the purification of the gas, such as laden desulfurizing agent, dust and aqueous condensate, are fed to another circulating fluidized bed and the remaining combustible constituents are burnt there with an oxygen excess of 5 to 40%.

Method of producing fuel gas and process heat fron carbonaceous materials

In electrolytic apparatus comprising cell chambers through which is passed an electrolyte and in which sets of anode plates are provided, each of which are connected to current-feeding center pins, and the mutually staggered electrode plates protrude into the gaps between plates having the opposite polarity. To ensure a simple, quick and reliable installation and removal of the anode plates, the center pin is provided with contact straps, which are spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the pin and serve to secure the anode plate. The contact straps are suitably spaced about 180.degree. apart and have at least one opening, which consists preferably of a tapped bore. The electrolytic apparatus is used in processes of producing alkali chlorate by the electrolytic decomposition of aqueous alkali chloride solutions.

Electrolytic cell

Thermally splitting hydrate of aluminum chloride to produce aluminum oxide wherein the hydrate is at least partially split by contact with hot gases and hot calcined product in a turbulent zone, transmitting the material from the turbulent zone into a residence zone, recycling a portion of the solids from the residence zone to the turbulent zone in an amount to maintain a desired suspension density while the remainder is passed to a turbulent cooling zone in heat exchange with the fluidizing gas introduced into the turbulent zone.

Method of thermally splitting hydrate of aluminum chloride

A method of and apparatus for carrying out an exothermic process in which a combustible-containing solid (e.g. coal shale, pyrite or limestone in combination with fuel oil) are burned in a fluidized-bed reactor with primary and secondary streams of oxygen-containing combustion-sustaining gas (in a volume ratio of 1:20 to 2:1) supplied at different levels so that the primary gas acts as the fluidizing gas. The gas velocities and rate of gas feeds are controlled to provide a mean suspension density above the secondary gas inlet of 10 to 40 kg/m.sup.3. The major portion of solid feed is introduced into the space below the secondary gas inlet which is maintained substantially free of internal fixtures and the effluent gases are separated from the entrained solids which are recycled to the bed. Solids withdrawn from the bed are cooled in a fluidized-bed cooler and the temperature of the bed is maintained constant by the controlled recirculation of cooled solids thereto from the cooler. The gas heated in the cooler is fed to the bed as the secondary gas.

Method of and apparatus for carrying out an exothermic process

The thermal decomposition of aluminum chloride hydrate in which the preponderant portion of the hydrate is thermally decomposed in an indirectly heated reaction chamber while in a fluidized state with any remainder thermally decomposed in a directly heated rotary furnace and passing the formed aluminum oxide in heat exchange with combustion gases to cool the aluminum oxide and to preheat the combustion gases.

Process for the thermal decomposition of aluminum chloride hexahydrate

Thermal decomposition of aluminum chloride hydrate in a fluidized bed reactor in which the concentration of solids diminishes from the bottom upwards, the improvement wherein most of the hydrogen chloride is removed from the hydrate by direct heat and the largely decomposed aluminum chloride is fed into a calcining reactor and from the calcining reactor to a residence time reactor fluidized at low gas velocity, recycling solids from the residence reactor to the calcining reactor in an amount to adjust the suspension density and feeding the remainder to a cooler after sufficient time in the residence reactor.

Process for thermal decomposition of aluminum chloride hydrates by

Process for the thermal decomposition of aluminum chloride hexahydrate into anhydrous Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, comprising predrying and then decomposition in a fluidization reactor, the said fluidization being ensured by recycled gaseous HCl, and finally heating at the temperature necessary to obtain the desired crystallization state, namely anhydrous Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, the said pre-drying being carried out by the gases coming from this final heating.

Process for thermal decomposition of aluminum chloride hexahydrate

Endothermic processes are carried out in a fluidized-bed reactor which is connected to a holding reactor, solids being recirculated between the two reactors. The primary fluidized-bed reactor uses a fast-fluidized bed system in which the solids concentration decreases continuously from the bottom to the top of the reactor. After the necessary residence time in the holding reactor, solids are discharged. Solids are entrained with the gas stream from the primary reactor and are separated therefrom to be delivered to the holding reactor. The reaction is controlled by regulating the rate of recirculation of solids from the holding reactor to the fast fluidized bed reactor.

Growing community of inventors

Kronberg, Germany

Ludolf Plass