Boston University

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Leland Stanford Junior University

California Institute of Technology

Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh

Cornell University

University of Rochester

Tufts University

Luca Dal Negro

Lionel Cooper Kimerling

Fiorenzo G Omenetto

Mark Luitzen Brongersma

Jurgen Michel

Jae Hyung Yi

David L Kaplan

Harry A Atwater

Michal Lipson

Alan Lenef

Madis Raukas

Daniel Knight Sparacin

Philippe M Fauchet

Svetlana Boriskina

Thomas L Koch

Carlos Angulo Barrios

Bjoern Markus Reinhard

Ning-Ning Feng

Sajan Saini

Victor Trinh Nguyen

Ren Wang

Wesley Britton

Ashwin Gopinath

Yuyao Chen

Ran Zhang

Sean Gorsky

Disclosed herein are a number of dielectric pillars, arranged to form a close-packed aperiodic array, such as a Vogel spiral, where the geometries of the aperiodic array produce azimuthally isotropic scattering of luminescence within a restricted angular cone of extraction. The aperiodic array can be formed, attached or placed on a converting material, such as, phosphor, to restrict emission to within the angular cone of extraction. The phosphor could be part of a converting illumination device, such as a phosphor coated light emitting diode, or a laser activated remote phosphor converting device.

Aperiodic nano-optical array for angular shaping of incoherent emissions

An optical element includes a substrate and a pattern. The substrate has a top surface and a bottom surface. The pattern is provided on the top surface. The pattern includes multiple levels such that a thickness of the pattern is less than a design wavelength. The pattern is configured to focus an incident radiation, received at one of the top surface or the bottom surface of the substrate, at one or more prescribed focal locations on a detection plane. The one or more prescribed focal locations on the detection plane changes in proportion to a wavelength of the incident radiation. The detection plane is an achromatic focal plane when the incident radiation includes multiple wavelengths.

Diffractive axilenses and uses thereof

An electromagnetic radiation sorting device comprises an image sensor having an imaging plane; a substrate layer positioned adjacent to and spaced a distance from the imaging plane of the image sensor such that the imaging plane of the image sensor is in the Fresnel near field; and a functional layer coupled to the substrate layer, the functional layer having a structure that is configured to sort incoming electromagnetic radiation according to frequency by imparting orbital angular momentum and linear momentum on the incoming electromagnetic radiation.

Azimuthally-modulated aperiodic phase arrays for engineered spectral separation

A method of manufacturing a nanopatterned biophotonic structure includes forming a customized nanopattern mask on a substrate using E-beam lithography, providing a biopolymer matrix solution, depositing the biopolymer matrix solution on the substrate, and drying the biopolymer matrix solution to form a solidified biopolymer film. A surface of the film is formed with the nanopattern mask, or a nanopattern is machined directly on a surface of the film using E-beam lithograpy such that the biopolymer film exhibits a spectral signature corresponding to the E-beam lithograpy nanopattern. The resulting bio-compatible nanopatterned biophotonic structures may be made from silk, may be biodegradable, and may be bio-sensing devices. The biophotonic structures may employ nanopatterned masks based on non-periodic photonic lattices, and the biophotonic structures may be designed with specific spectral signatures for use in probing biological substances, including displaying optical activity in the form of opalescence.

Fabrication of silk fibroin photonic structures by nanocontact imprinting

Optical devices including deterministic aperiodic patterning using spiral arrays exhibit circular symmetry in continuous Fourier space via polarization-insensitive planar diffraction. Far-field diffractive coupling in these structures leads to the formation of scattering resonances with circular symmetry and characteristic vortex behavior carrying orbital angular momentum. Plasmonic nanoparticle arrays with aperiodic spiral geometry can be used in fabrication of optical devices that benefit from polarization insensitive, enhanced light-matter coupling on planar surfaces, such as thin-film solar cells (enhanced light absorption and efficiency), photodetectors (enhanced light emission and efficiency), optical biosensors, and polarization devices.

Optical devices with spiral aperiodic structures for circularly symmetric light scattering

Defined nanoparticle cluster arrays (NCAs) with total lateral dimensions of up to 25.4 &#x3bc;m by 25.4 &#x3bc;m have been fabricated on top of a 10 nm thin gold film using template guided self-assembly. This approach provides precise control of the structural parameters in the arrays allowing a systematic variation of the average number of nanoparticles in the clusters (n) and the edge to edge separation (&#x39b;) between 1&#x3c;n&#x3c;20 and 50 nm&#x2266;&#x39b;&#x2266;1000 nm, respectively. Investigations of the Rayleigh scattering spectra and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal intensities as a function of n and &#x39b; reveal direct near-field coupling between the particles within individual clusters, whose strength increases with the cluster size (n) until it saturates at around n=4. Our analysis shows that strong near-field interactions between individual clusters significantly affects the SERS signal enhancement for edge-to-edge separations &#x39b;&#x3c;200 nm. The observed dependencies of the Raman signals on n and &#x39b; indicate that NCAs support a multiscale signal enhancement which originates from simultaneous inter- and intra-cluster coupling and |E|-field enhancement. The NCAs provide strong SERS signals of bacterial cells thus enabling a rapid and reliable spectral identification of bacteria.

Engineered SERS substrates employing nanoparticle cluster arrays with multiscale signal enhancement

An optical amplifier on a silicon platform includes a first doped device layer and a second doped device layer. A gain medium is positioned between the first and second doped device layers. The gain medium comprises extrinsic gain materials so as to substantially confine in the gain medium a light signal and allow the optical amplifier to be electrically or optically pumped.

Electrically pumped extrinsic semiconductor optical amplifier with slot waveguide

A label-free multiplexed sensing platform is based on light interaction with aperiodic photonic structures with an advantage of a broadband operation. Multiple-scattering-induced 'fingerprinting' colorimetric signatures can be used as a transduction mechanism. Aperiodic sensing platforms can operate in the infrared to provide an overlap with spectral fingerprints of biological molecules. Miniaturized optical biosensors may be based on engineered colorimetric scattering signatures (structural color), sharp spectral features, non-uniform angular distributions of scattered light, and broadband manipulation of the local density of states in nano-textured scattering surfaces with deterministic aperiodic order. The biosensors can be fabricated in semiconductor, metal, low- and high-index dielectric platforms using standard nanofabrication techniques such as electron-beam lithography, ion-beam milling, etc, and can be replicated over large areas by standard nano-imprint lithography.

Chemical/biological sensor employing scattered chromatic components in nano-patterned aperiodic surfaces

A method is shown for the extension in higher spatial dimensions of deterministic, aperiodic structures which exhibit strong aperiodic effects and have overall compatibility with the planar technology of integrated optical circuits. Disclosed devices are operative in response to incident electromagnetic energy to create a distribution of electromagnetic energy having localized electromagnetic field enhancement, wherein the device includes a dielectric or plasmonic material having a region of interaction with the incident electromagnetic energy. The region of interaction has a deterministic, aperiodic patterning with an array of individual patterning elements of distinct refractive indices such that a variation of refractive index of the device occurs over distances comparable with a wavelength of the incident electromagnetic energy, the array being a multi-dimensional extension of a corresponding one-dimensional sequence such that a spectral response of the array is a multi-dimensional equivalent of a spectral response of the one-dimensional sequence. Specific examples employing so-called Rudin-Shapiro, Thue-Morse and Fibonacci sequences are shown.

Deterministic aperiodic patterned dielectric and plasmonic materials for localized electromagnetic field enhancement

A waveguide structure includes a SOI substrate. A core structure is formed on the SOI substrate comprising a plurality of multilayers having alternating or aperiodically distributed thin layers of either Si-rich oxide (SRO), Si-rich nitride (SRN) or Si-rich oxynitride (SRON). The multilayers are doped with a rare earth material so as to extend the emission range of the waveguide structure to the near infrared region. A low index cladding includes conductive oxides to act as electrodes.

Energy coupled superlattice structures for silicon based lasers and modulators

A fabrication method and materials produce high quality aperiodic photonic structures. Light emission can be activated by thermal annealing post growth treatments when thin film layers of SiOand SiNor Si-rich oxide are used. From these aperiodic structures, that can be obtained in different vertical and planar device geometries, the presence of aperiodic order in a photonic device provides strong group velocity reduction (slow photons), enhanced light-matter interaction, light emission enhancement, gain enhancement, and/or nonlinear optical properties enhancement.

CMOS-compatible light emitting aperiodic photonic structures

A microphotonic light source includes an optical pump and a plurality of waveguides that distribute optical pump power of the optical pump. At least one Erbium-doped laser ring is coupled to at least one of the waveguides so as to match the resonance condition of the optical pump.

Growing community of inventors

Cambridge, MA, United States of America

Luca Dal Negro