Xerox Corporation

Louis V Isganitis

Raj D Patel

Stephan V Drappel

Sandra J Gardner

David J Sanders

T Hwee Ng

Timothy L Lincoln

Sonja Hadzidedic

Kevin F Marcell

Edward J Radigan

Leonard M Carreira

Chieh-Min Cheng

Kurt B Gundlach

Arthur M Gooray

Richard P N Veregin

Daryl Walter Vanbesien

Yuhua Tong

Kock-Yee Law

Cuong Vong

Michael Steven Hawkins

Thomas W Smith

Robert J Gruber

Allan K Chen

Vladislav Skorokhod

Bernard Grushkin

Tie Hwee Ng

William M Schwarz

Zhen Lai

Thomas R Pickering

John Wei-Ping Lin

Ronald J Koch

Emily Louise Moore

Christopher M Wolfe

Mark A Jackson

Christine Deborah Anderson

Vincenzo G Marcello

Gary R Fague

Joseph R Weber

Kenneth C Peter

Nancy S Hunt

Liam S Cummings

Kathy-Jo Brodsky

Dennis A Mattison, Jr

Christine C Lyons

Eunhee Lee

Warren E Solodar

Norman S Edgett

Anne L Wickett

Steven A VanScott

Mary Anne Evans

Steven T Dunn

Angello J Barbetta

David E Hutka

Richard Pn Veregin

Steven A Vanscott

Dennis A Mattison

Dennis A Mattison Jr

Embodiments include a toner with a fractionated and/or distilled wax having from about 30 to about 64 carbon units, a degree of crystallinity as calculated by heat of melting and as measured by DSC of from about 55 to about 100, a Mw is from about 500 to about 800, and a polydispersity of from about 1 to about 1.05.

Toner having crystalline wax

A toner having a core with a first latex having a specific glass transition temperature, and further having a shell surrounding the core with a second latex having a specific glass transition temperature, and processes for producing the same.

Toner composition

Embodiments include a fractionated and/or distilled wax having from about 30 to about 64 carbon units, a degree of crystallinity as calculated by heat of melting and as measured by DSC of from about 55 to about 100, a Mw is from about 500 to about 800, and a polydispersity of from about 1 to about 1.05.

Crystalline wax

Embodiments include a distilled wax having a crystallinity of from about 55 to about 100 percent, wherein the degree of crystallinity is calculated using the following formulas: [Heat of enthalpy (Hm) J/g/294 J/g]&#xd7;100=degree of crystallinity (Xc); [Heat of recrystallization (Hrc) J/g/294 J/g]&#xd7;100=degree of crystallinity (Xc); and Sc/(Sc+Sa)]&#xd7;100%, wherein Sc is a diffraction peak area of a crystalline component of the wax and the Sa is a diffraction peak area of an amorphous component of the wax; and wherein the Mp, Mn and Mw of the wax are all within the range of from about 500 to about 800, and wherein the wax has a polydispersity of from about 1 to about 1.05.

Embodiments include a toner with a distilled wax having a crystallinity of from about 55 to about 100 percent, wherein the degree of crystallinity is calculated using the following formulas: [Heat of enthalpy (Hm) J/g/294 J/g]&#xd7;100=degree of crystallinity (Xc); [Heat of recrystallization (Hrc) J/g/294 J/g]&#xd7;100=degree of crystallinity (Xc); and Sc/(Sc+Sa)]&#xd7;100%, wherein Sc is a diffraction peak area of a crystalline component of the wax and the Sa is a diffraction peak area of an amorphous component of the wax; and wherein the Mp, Mn and Mw of the wax are all within the range of from about 500 to about 800, and wherein the wax has a polydispersity of from about 1 to about 1.05.

Copolymer encapsulated wax particles and their use in forming toner compositions having particles with a desired circularity and size are provided.

Continuous processes for producing toner compositions are provided utilizing spinning disc reactors, rotating tubular reactors, or combinations thereof.

Toner processes

A toner composition for use in a xerographic or electrostatographic imaging process. The toner composition includes a toner particle and an optional primary external surface additive and a friable external surface additive. The friable external surface additive may also be a material that is capable of functioning as a primary external surface additive. The friable external surface additive is generally larger than the primary surface additive and capable of having portions of the friable particle broken or abraded off during the imaging process. The particles that are abraded off the friable additive can replace the primary external additive particles that become embedded into toner particles during the development process. The friable additives contribute to reducing toner aging and provide a toner with satisfactory flow and triboelectric properties.

Toner compositions

Disclosed is a process which comprises contacting a sulfur-containing solvent with an oxidizing agent, said sulfur-containing solvent containing odor-causing impurities, thereby reducing odor. Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a process for preparing an ink composition which comprises: (a) contacting a sulfur-containing solvent with an oxidizing agent, said sulfur-containing solvent containing odor-causing impurities, thereby reducing odor; and (b) admixing the sulfur-containing solvent with water and a colorant, thereby forming an ink composition.

Deodorization of sulfur-containing solvents by oxidation

Disclosed is an ink composition which comprises (a) water; (b) Acid Yellow 23 dye; and (c) urea.

Yellow ink for ink jet printing

Several methods are provided for cleaning felt or foam materials that are used to store and deliver ink, particularly ink supplied to ink jet printheads in an ink jet printing system. The felt materials are contaminated during manufacture, by various antistats, primarily phosphates. These antistats later react with the ink to create kogation and nozzle blocking problems as well as reduction of surface tension of the ink. The methods of the invention are directed to reducing the antistats left in the storage material after manufacture. In one method, the material is washed in heated softened water. Prior to loading the material in the wash, IPA is added to the heated wash. The material is washed through two Wash/Rinse cycles and then dried. The removal of the calcium in the wash water via softening prevents the precipitation of calcium-phosphate salts, which, when the material later contacts the ink, reduces nozzle clogging caused by these precipitates. The addition of the IPA increases removal of the phosphate antistats and greatly reduces the kogation and clogging problems. In a second embodiment, the storage material is washed in tap water to which has been added the IPA as well as a chelating agent. The chelating agent prevents the calcium from forming a precipitate with the remaining antistats in the material and provides the same function against any calcium or other divalent metal ions that may be introduced during ink flow from material to printhead nozzle.

Method of cleaning an ink storage material

Disclosed is a printing process which comprises applying in imagewise fashion to a substrate an ink composition which comprises an aqueous liquid vehicle, a colorant, and a drying component selected from the group consisting of zwitterionic compounds, and subsequently exposing the substrate to microwave radiation, thereby drying the images on the substrate. In a preferred embodiment, the invention is directed to a thermal ink jet printing process which comprises (1) incorporating into a thermal ink jet printing apparatus an ink composition which comprises an aqueous liquid vehicle, a colorant, and a drying component selected from the group consisting of zwitterionic compounds; (2) heating the ink in an imagewise pattern to cause bubbles to form therein, thereby causing droplets of the ink to be ejected in an imagewise pattern onto a substrate, thereby generating images on the substrate; and (3) exposing the substrate to microwave radiation, thereby drying the images on the substrate.

Ink jet printing processes with microwave drying

Disclosed are dye compositions of the formula ##STR1## wherein Cp and Cp' are each coupler compounds of the formula ##STR2## wherein the --COOH group and the --OH group can be in any position on either ring, provided that in the naphthalene ring system there is present least one hydrogen activated through resonance by the --OH group for an electrophilic aromatic substitution coupling reaction, n represents the number of substituents on the rings and is a number of from 0 to 8, and R represents the substituent groups on the ring, wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl groups, alkyl groups, substituted alkyl groups, aryl groups, substituted aryl groups, aryl-alkyl groups, substituted aryl-alkyl groups, halogen atoms, and nitro groups. Also disclosed are aqueous ink compositions containing the dyes, processes for making the dyes, processes for making the inks containing the dyes, and printing processes employing the inks.

Waterfast dye compositions

Disclosed is a printing process which comprises applying in imagewise fashion to a substrate an ink composition which comprises an aqueous liquid vehicle, a colorant, and an ionic compound at least partially ionizable in the liquid vehicle, said ink composition having a conductivity of at least about 10 milliSiemens per centimeter, and subsequently exposing the substrate to microwave radiation, thereby drying the images on the substrate. A specific embodiment of the invention is directed to a thermal ink jet printing process which comprises (1) incorporating into a thermal ink jet printing apparatus an ink composition which comprises an aqueous liquid vehicle, a colorant, and an ionic compound at least partially ionizable in the liquid vehicle, said ink composition having a conductivity of at least about 10 milliSiemens per centimeter; (2) heating the ink in an imagewise pattern to cause bubbles to form therein, thereby causing droplets of the ink to be ejected in an imagewise pattern onto a substrate, thereby generating images on the substrate; and (3) exposing the substrate to microwave radiation, thereby drying the images on the substrate.

Printing processes with microwave drying

A positively charged liquid developer composition comprised of polymer particles, a hydrocarbon liquid component, a charge director comprised of lecithin, and as pigment particles the beta crystalline form of copper phthalocyanine.

Positively charged liquid developer compositions

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Rochester, NY, United States of America

Louis V Isganitis