Alcatel Lucent

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Ling Jiang

Yigang Cai

Jie Su

Sheng Chen

Qiang Xu

Ya Wu

Qinghong He

Ke Pei

Judith A Stafford

Yelin Xu

Chao Liang Zhang

IMS gateway systems and methods are disclosed for providing online charging for IMS sessions. An IMS gateway system described herein operates based on a state machine to provide charging triggers and IMS session control. For one charging trigger, the IMS gateway system transmits an initial credit control request message to an online charging system (OCS) responsive to receiving a session initiation message from a first subscriber of a session. For another charging trigger, the IMS gateway system transmits an update credit control request message to the OCS responsive to receiving a session acceptance message from a second subscriber of the session. For another charging trigger, the IMS gateway system transmits a termination credit control request message to the OCS responsive to receiving a session termination message. The IMS gateway system may trigger on other session control messages or charging messages from the OCS to provide online charging.

IMS gateway systems and methods

A parallel plate diode comprising metal electrodes and semiconductor materials layer contacting said metal electrodes. Two thin plate electrodes made of metal are disposed in parallel, and there is a layer of thin plate semiconductor material sandwiched between the two thin plate electrodes, the concentration of the carriers in the semiconductor material layer is 20% or less than that of the electrons in the metal. One of the metal electrodes is made so as to have a plurality of recesses from its surface into the interior on the side that faces the semiconductor coat layer, the diameter of those recesses is less than 4 micrometers. These recesses are well-shape cavities and an array of the convex portions and concave portions are staggered each other. The cross section of the well shape is circular, square or rectangle. This diode output a current and a voltage in a closed loop circuit without bias voltage or bias current.

Parallel plate diode

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Beijing, China

Ling Jiang