International Business Machines Corporation

Other

Huwomobility, Inc.

Micron Technology Incorporated

Globalfoundries Inc.

Lin Zhou

Shahin Zangooie

Eric Peter Solecky

Roger M Young

Clemente Bottini

Ronald D Fiege

Robert J Foster

Stephen W Goodrich

Clifford A Pickover

Komminist S Weldemariam

Charles Neill Archie

Robert J Schloss

Dmitriy Shneyder

Shih Mo

Georgios A Vakas

Erwin E Weissmann

Lucas Mingzhi Zhou

Ejaj Ahmed

Sarah A Kay

Xue-Shan Zhang

Xue-shan Zhang

Oleg Gluschenkov

Ping-Chuan Wang

Hanyi Ding

Sean David Burns

Chung-Hsing Chang

Christopher Thomas Li

Joseph J Mezzapelle

Ted Hsiung

York Zhiyuan Zhou

Junjie Yang

Shahin Zangodie

Cheng Shan Yin

Almost all energy on Earth comes from the Sun. It radiates power to Earth using electromagnetic (EM) waves. However, only a small fraction of the radiation was captured in the forms of photovoltaic, solar heat, hydropower, fossil fuel, and wind. The consumption of the energy comes with serious environmental penalties such as global warming and environmental damages. A system and methods are disclosed to allow capturing, storage, conversion and release of electromagnetic waves and their energy.

Electromagnetic wave and energy storage

Methods and systems for amplifying signals are provided. Embodiments include a three-to-one multiplexer, a multiband RF variable gain amplifier (VGA), a multiband power amplifier driver (PAD), and a one-to three multiplexer. The three-to-one multiplexer receives three input signals from an RF frequency source and outputs an output signal corresponding one input signal. The multiband RF VGA receives the output signal of the three-to-one multiplexer, provides a first level of amplification to the signal received from the three-to-one multiplexer, and outputs an amplified version of the signal. The multiband PAD receives the signal output by the multiband RF variable gain amplifier and provides a second level of amplification to the signal and outputs an amplified version of the signal. The one-to-three multiplexer receives a signal output by the multiband PAD produces three output signals that correspond to each of the three input signals.

CMOS triple-band RF VGA and power amplifier in linear transmitter

A method is disclosed including presenting a concept to a user via one or more presentation devices and monitoring the user's response to the presentation of the concept by a sensing device. The sensing device may generate sensor data based on the monitored user's response. The method further includes determining based on the sensor data generated by the sensor that the user requires clarification of the presented concept. In response to determining that the user requires clarification of the presented concept, the method further includes identifying an analogy that is configured to clarify the presented concept and presenting the identified analogy to the user via one or more of the presentation devices.

Automatic real-time identification and presentation of analogies to clarify a concept

The present invention provides a system and method for operating hybrid concurrent and switched dual-band low noise amplifiers. Embodiments use a concurrent design at the input block of a hybrid LNA to advantageously achieve better impedance matching while using a switch capacitor design at the output block to advantageously achieve a better gain than typical concurrent multiband LNAs. Embodiments might be integrated into wireless devices configured to simultaneously receive on multiple frequency bands while providing gains of 30 dB or more by combining the advantages of concurrent multiband LNAs with the advantages of switched multiband LNAs. In addition to the higher gains provided by embodiments of the hybrid LNA described herein, hybrid multiband LNAs according to embodiments of the present invention provide a smaller device footprint and power requirements than would be required for a receiver including multiple single-band LNAs for amplifying signals for each frequency band individually.

Hybrid concurrent and switched dual-band low noise amplifier

Technology for the transition of light and sound over long distances, e.g. TV and radio, has revolutionized society. On the contrary, the technology to perceive a smell remotely is in its infancy, and has severe limitations such as latency, residual and infidelity. A system and methods are disclosed to allow smells to be perceived remotely. It is based on the brain waves associated with the olfactory bulb.

System and method for perceiving smell remotely

Methods, systems, and computer program products for reducing distractions caused by user devices are provided herein. A computer-implemented method includes processing items of activity arising from user devices within a group setting, wherein each device is associated with a participating user of the group setting and coupled to a distinct status indicator that designates the corresponding user device as engaging in distracting activity or not engaging in distracting activity. The method also includes comparing each of the items of activity to a collection of user device usage policies for the group setting that identifies context-dependent items of activity arising that serve as a distraction within the group setting. Also, the method includes generating a signal to modify the status indicator of at least one of the user devices corresponding to an item of activity deemed as serving as a distraction, and transmitting the signal to the given user devices.

Reducing distractions caused by user devices in group settings

Embodiments of the present invention provide an apparatus and method for wafer thinning endpoint detection. Embodiments of the present invention utilize through silicon via (TSV) structures formed in the wafer. A specially made wafer handle is bonded to the wafer. Conductive slurry is used in the wafer backside thinning process. The wafer handle provides electrical connectivity to an electrical measurement tool, and conductive posts in the wafer handle are proximal to a test structure on the wafer. A plurality of electrically isolated TSVs is monitored via the electrical measurement tool. When the TSVs are exposed on the backside as a result of thinning, the conductive slurry shorts the electrically isolated TSVs, changing the electrical properties of the plurality of TSVs. The change in electrical properties is detected and used to trigger termination of the wafer backside thinning process.

Wafer thinning endpoint detection for TSV technology

A system and method is provided for correcting alignment of a product on a tool and, more particularly, to a system and method for correcting alignment of a wafer on a chuck of a tool. The system is a tool including at least one contact near a circumference of the tool and a grounded contact proximate to the at least one contact.

Alignment correction system and method of use

A system and method is provided for correcting alignment of a product on a tool and, more particularly, to a system and method for correcting alignment of a wafer on a chuck of a tool. The system is a tool that includes at least one contact near a circumference of the tool and a grounded contact proximate to the at least one contact.

Methods, apparatuses and systems for monitoring a stage alignment in a processing system are disclosed. A method for monitoring a stage alignment in a processing system may include providing a calibration target on a surface of the stage; measuring an angle of incident of a light beam to the calibration target; and monitoring the stage alignment based on the determined angle of incidence.

Monitoring stage alignment and related stage and calibration target

A system and method of characterizing a parameter of an ultra thin film, such as a gate oxide layer. A system is disclosed that includes a structure having a pseudo substrate positioned below an ultra thin film, wherein the pseudo substrate includes an optical mirror for enhancing an optical response; and a system for characterizing the ultra thin film by applying a light source to the ultra thin film and analyzing the optical response.

Characterizing films using optical filter pseudo substrate

A test method for measuring adsorbed molecular contamination uses a test structure that includes a substrate comprising a plurality of separated test sites having a plurality separate thicknesses having a base design thickness and a designed thickness interrelationship. The test structure is exposed to a molecular contaminant environment to provide an adsorbed molecular contaminant layer upon each of the plurality of separated test sites. The plurality of separated test sites with the adsorbed molecular contaminant layer thereon is measured. An appropriate algorithm that considers the designed thickness interrelationship is used to determine at least one of: (1) the base design thickness; and (2) a thickness of the adsorbed molecular contaminant layer.

Quantification of adsorbed molecular contaminant using thin film measurement

A position sensing system for an optical metrology system, includes a plurality of photonic devices distributed on a carrier for providing a photonic response when interrogated with a measuring light, wherein a collective photonic response from the plurality indicates the position of the carrier. A method and an optical metrology system are also provided.

Wafer and stage alignment using photonic devices

A method, system and computer program product for determining an angle of incidence of a light beam illuminating a workpiece positioned on a stage are disclosed. A method for determining an angle of incidence of a light beam illuminating a workpiece positioned on a stage may include: positioning a calibration target on the stage with multiple different tilts; first determining an angle of incident of the light beam with respect to the calibration target with each tilt using a detector; mapping a response of the detector to a determined angle of incidence; and second determining the angle of incidence with respect to the workpiece based on a result of the mapping.

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Lagrangeville, NY, United States of America

Lin Zhou